Representing Twentieth-Century Space–Time Climate Variability. Part I: Development of a 1961–90 Mean Monthly Terrestrial Climatology

New, Mark; Hulme, Mike; Jones, Phil

doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<0829:rtcstc>2.0.co;2

Cited by 1,611 publications

(1,234 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The climatic variables were obtained from a global climate data set constructed by interpolating observations from thousands of climate stations around the world, published by New et al (1999), using latitudes and longitudes approximated for each group (Table 2). Some samples represent localized populations and their approximate geographic position was relatively easy to estimate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human cranial anatomy and the differential preservation of population history and climate signatures

2006

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Cranial morphology is widely used to reconstruct evolutionary relationships, but its reliability in reflecting phylogeny and population history has been questioned. Some cranial regions, particularly the face and neurocranium, are believed to be influenced by the environment and prone to convergence. Others, such as the temporal bone, are thought to reflect more accurately phylogenetic relationships. Direct testing of these hypotheses was not possible until the advent of large genetic data sets. The few relevant studies in human populations have had intriguing but possibly conflicting results, probably partly due to methodological differences and to the small numbers of populations used. Here we use threedimensional (3D) geometric morphometrics methods to test explicitly the ability of cranial shape, size, and relative position/orientation of cranial regions to track population history and climate. Morphological distances among 13 recent human populations were calculated from four 3D landmark data sets, respectively reflecting facial, neurocranial, and temporal bone shape; shape and relative position; overall cranial shape; and centroid sizes. These distances were compared to neutral genetic and climatic distances among the same, or closely matched, populations. Results indicate that neurocranial and temporal bone shape track neutral genetic distances, while facial shape reflects climate; centroid size shows a weak association with climatic variables; and relative position/orientation of cranial regions does not appear correlated with any of these factors. Because different cranial regions preserve population history and climate signatures differentially, caution is suggested when using cranial anatomy for phylogenetic reconstruction. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:1225-1233, 2006. 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: craniofacial morphology; population history; neutral genetics; climate adaptation; human variationCranial morphology is commonly used to reconstruct hominin phylogenies and population histories (e.g

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human cranial anatomy and the differential preservation of population history and climate signatures

2006

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“…The data set of world climate was built by New et al (1999) and was developed by interpolating observations taken at meteorological stations, corrected with the altitude. This is a gridded data set that contains monthly records of temperature (mean, minimum and maximum) and precipitation (monthly total) at a resolution of 10 km.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Known Distribution and Ecological Preferences of the Tick Subgenus Boophilus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Africa and Latin America

et al. 2006

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“…The climate data was derived from a 0.5 × 0.5-degree global dataset of 30-year average monthly climate surfaces derived from interpolation of station data from 1961-1990(New, Hulme et al 1999. Climate variables selected for analysis include minimum, maximum and mean monthly temperature, and monthly vapor pressure.…”

Section: Climate Model Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Climate Change on Lyme Disease Risk in North America

2005

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An understanding of the influence of climate change on Ixodes scapularis, the main vector of Lyme disease in North America, is a fundamental component in assessing changes in the spatial distribution of human risk for the disease. We used a climate suitability model of I. scapularis to examine the potential effects of global climate change on future Lyme disease risk in North America. A climatebased logistic model was first used to explain the current distribution of I. scapularis in North America. Climate change scenarios were then applied to extrapolate the model in time and produce forecasts of vector establishment. The spatially modeled relationship between I. scapularis presence and large-scale environmental data generated the current pattern of I. scapularis across North America with an accuracy of 89% (p<0.0001). Extrapolation of the model revealed a significant expansion of I. scapularis north into Canada with an increase in suitable habitat of 213% by the 2080's. Climate change will also result in a retraction of the vector from southern United States, and movement into the central United States. This report predicts the effect of climate change on Lyme disease risk and specifically forecasts the emergence of a tick-borne infectious disease in Canada. Our modeling approach could thus be used to outline where future control strategies and prevention efforts need to be applied.

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Representing Twentieth-Century Space–Time Climate Variability. Part I: Development of a 1961–90 Mean Monthly Terrestrial Climatology

Cited by 1,611 publications

References 43 publications

Human cranial anatomy and the differential preservation of population history and climate signatures

Human cranial anatomy and the differential preservation of population history and climate signatures

The Known Distribution and Ecological Preferences of the Tick Subgenus Boophilus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Africa and Latin America

Effect of Climate Change on Lyme Disease Risk in North America

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