Representing Cognitive Activity in Complex Tasks

Barnard, Philip; May, Jon

doi:10.1080/07370024.1999.9667267

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…interface designers [1,10,13]. The rows of the notation correspond to successive attentional fixations upon a processing topic (shown in a black frame), with the superordinate grouping of that topic, its predicate and its constituent structures detailed.…”

Section: Transition Path Diagramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our approach to modelling structure and cognition is constructed within Barnard's Interacting Cognitive Subsystems (ICS) framework [1]. ICS allows the construction of approximate models of cognition which, without needing to model the exact nature of the transformations of information involved in any particular situation, can provide parameterised descriptions of the complexity of the cognitive activity that is required.…”

Section: Structures In Mental Representationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuity in cognition

May

Buehner

Duke

2002

UAIS

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Designing for continuous interaction requires designers to consider the way in which human users can perceive and evaluate an artefact's observable behaviour, in order to make inferences about its state, and plan and execute their own continuous behaviour. Understanding the human point of view in continuous interaction requires an understanding of human causal reasoning, of the way in which humans perceive and structure the world, and of human cognition. We present a framework for representing human cognition, and show briefly how it relates to the analysis of structure in continuous interaction, and the ways in which it may be applied in design.

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Section: Transition Path Diagramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structures In Mental Representationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuity in cognition

May

Buehner

Duke

2002

UAIS

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“…Barnard [1991] and Barnard and May [1999] have argued for families of theoretical models that address different aspects of users' cognition and interactive system designs with a means of exchanging knowledge between different theories and models. Modelers from cognitive, AI, and software engineering backgrounds can contribute solutions to design problems from different perspectives using design rationale to summarize design issues and modeling recommendations [Bellotti 1993]; however, this study did not show how knowledge could be exchanged between models from separate academic traditions, even though some progress has been made on linking cognitive and software engineering models [Harrison and Barnard 1993].…”

Section: Theories and Cognitive Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, design rationale has little to offer in organizing the semantics of knowledge exchange, so more rigorous definitions of HCI issues and arguments are required to create a lingua franca for designers and researchers. Barnard and May [1999] provide a partial answer in Transition [speech track] "... Next, the protein pyrimidine complex absorbs light from the visible range …" The design question is, which components will the user attend to and comprehend from this multimodal presentation? Propositions have to encode the objects, captions, commands, speech segments, and timing, and this changes for each frame in an animated sequence.…”

Section: Theories and Cognitive Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effective use and reuse of HCI knowledge

Sutcliffe

2000

ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.

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The article argues that new approaches for delivering HCI knowledge from theory to designers will be necessary in the new millennium. First the role of theory in HCI design to date is reviewed, including the progress made in cognitive theories of interaction and their impact on the design process. The role of bridging models that build on models of interaction is described, but it is argued that direct application of cognitive theory to design is limited by scalability problems. The alternative of representing HCI knowledge as claims and the role of the task-artefact approach to theory-based design are introduced. Claims are proposed as a possible bridging representation that may enable theories to frame appropriate recommendations for designers and, vice versa, enable designers to ask appropriate questions for theoretical research. However, claims provide design advice grounded in specific scenarios and examples, which limits their generality. The prospects for reuse becoming an important mode of development and the possible directions in generalizing claims for reuse are discussed, including generalizing claims beyond their original context, providing a context for reuse of claims by linking them to generic task and domain models. It is argued that generic models provide a way forward for developing reusable libraries of interactive components. The approach is illustrated from a case study of extracting claims from one information retrieval application, generalizing claims for future reuse in information-searching tasks, and reapplying claims in the Web-based Multimedia Broker application. The article concludes by proposing that HCI knowledge should be theory-grounded, and development of reusable "designerdigestible" packets will be an important contribution in the future.

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“…Drawing upon Newell's [1990] proposals, in the modeling of a psychological system of interactors "segments" can be represented by very short term activities lasting a few hundred milliseconds. A "phase" might be represented by periods of up to 10 seconds [Barnard and May 1999]. Changes in psychological capability brought about by knowledge acquisition and learning would naturally encompass far longer time scales.…”

Section: Macrotheory and Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems, interactions, and macrotheory

Barnard

May

Duke

et al. 2000

ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.

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A significant proportion of early HCI research was guided by one very clear vision: that the existing theory base in psychology and cognitive science could be developed to yield engineering tools for use in the interdisciplinary context of HCI design. While interface technologies and heuristic methods for behavioral evaluation have rapidly advanced in both capability and breadth of application, progress toward deeper theory has been modest, and some now believe it to be unnecessary. A case is presented for developing new forms of theory, based around generic "systems of interactors." An overlapping, layered structure of macro-and microtheories could then serve an explanatory role, and could also bind together contributions from the different disciplines. Novel routes to formalizing and applying such theories provide a host of interesting and tractable problems for future basic research in HCI.

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Representing Cognitive Activity in Complex Tasks

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Continuity in cognition

Continuity in cognition

On the effective use and reuse of HCI knowledge

Systems, interactions, and macrotheory

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