Abstract. We investigate representations of Kähler groups Γ " π 1 pXq to a semisimple non-compact Hermitian Lie group G that are deformable to a representation admitting an (anti)-holomorphic equivariant map. Such representations obey a Milnor-Wood inequality similar to those found by Burger-Iozzi and Koziarz-Maubon. Thanks to the study of the case of equality in Royden's version of the Ahlfors-Schwarz Lemma, we can completely describe the case of maximal holomorphic representations. If dim C X ě 2, these appear if and only if X is a ball quotient, and essentially reduce to the diagonal embedding Γ ă SUpn, 1q Ñ SUpnq, qq ãÑ SUpp, qq. If X is a Riemann surface, most representations are deformable to a holomorphic one. In that case, we give a complete classification of the maximal holomorphic representations, that thus appear as preferred elements of the respective maximal connected components.