“…For this reason, the media, in its various forms, has an unquestionable impact on viewing and listening audiences. One of the primary impacts the media is likely to have is the perpetuation of collective meanings (Liberato & Foster, 2011;Kivel & Johnson, 2009). As the media are capable of influencing how mass numbers of people perceive and think about specific groups, issues, and events, the media can, and has, expertly manipulated how we respond to illustrations and visual representations ultimately controlling the meanings society attaches to symbols and images (Adoni & Mane, 1984;Hill-Collins, 2000).…”