Representation without Taxation: Citizenship and Suffrage in Indian Country

Taxes, taxpayers, and settler colonialism: Toward a critical fiscal sociology of tax as white property

“…Scholarly literature has examined the relationship between tax and colonialism (Bush & Maltby, 2004;Dick, 2015;Roitman, 2007;Stanley 2020), tax, law, and Indigenous nations (Bartlett, 1979(Bartlett, , 1992Bryan, 2020aBryan, , 2020bCahoon, 2018;EagleWoman, 2007;Heaman, 2013;Kiel, 2019;MacIntosh, 2009;Phelps, 1985;Tait, 2017;Stanger Ross 2008) and Indigeneity and fiscal relations (Mackey, 2016;Palmer, 2020;Pedri-Spade, 2016;Pasternak, 2016;Sheild Johansson, 2018;Simpson, 2008Simpson, , 2014; while Indigenous thinkers for some time have identified it as a generative area for understanding the shape of Indigenous legal, state, and interpersonal relations. Secwepemc leader George Manuel and journalist Michael Posluns identified tax as an element of Canadian assimilation schemes: "authorities… have offered an open hand to an Indian who 'becomes one of us'that is, an enfranchised, tax-paying Christian, who brings nothing from his past" (2019 [1974], p. 8).…”

Native Americans and Religious Freedom: The Case for a “Re-Vision” of the First Amendment

“…92 In 1928 Arizona's Supreme Court denied reservation residents the franchise because they were "under guardianship" and therefore "not capable of handling [their] own affairs." 93 Arizona also disenfranchised anyone unable to read English, 94 thereby declaring Native and other languages inferior and/or illegitimate. Given the centrality of language to Indian culture, such a prohibition undermined freedom of expression and attacked the basis for Native American spirituality.…”

Mr. Gerry Goes to Arizona: Electoral Geography and Voting Rights in Navajo Country

“…And, as a likely rebuff to the position taken by the Apache County dissidents, in a series of cases decided in 1969 and 1970 the United States Supreme Court argued that states and local governments could no longer exclude those who paid no property taxes from voting in special school district tax referenda, revenue bond elections, and general obligation bond elections. 24 Moreover, an important assumption made by the dissidents is that reservation Indians pay no taxes. With regard to property es there is some truth to the claim, although Indians who live idents would have a sufficient revenue base to provide essencounty services mandated by the state.26 argued that base commanders would be in a position to wield substantial influence over their subordinates.…”