Representation of verbal pain descriptors on a visual analogue scale by dental patients and dental students

Tammaro, Stefano; Berggren, Ulf; Bergenholtz, Gunnar

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1997.tb00202.x

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There are so many technical problems for standardization of radiographic data in the patients with marked asymmetry (48). Besides, the patient receives extra radiation from these imagining techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The surgical treatment of plagiocephaly

Sılav

Avcı²,

Akan³

et al. 2011

Turkish Neurosurgery

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AIm: Anterior plagiocephaly usually occurs with premature synostosis of the ipsilateral half of the coronal suture. The forehead is flattened on the affected side, with a backward and upward displacement of the affected orbit. The bulging of the calvaria may occur in the contralateral parietal area. mAterIAl and methOds:This article presents the surgical techniques used over 7 years to treat plagiocephalic children. Eleven patients with unilateral coronal synostosis treated during 2003-2010 were analyzed retrospectively. The study included reviews of pre and postoperative computed tomography scans, operative techniques, clinical outcomes and complications. Unilateral orbital advancement with "tongue in groove" was performed in 5, and bilateral orbital advancement in 6 cases. Pre and postoperative anthropometric measurements were used to document the amount of advancement of the elevated and recessed orbita, and the amount of withdrawal of the contralateral side. results:The mean age of the patients at time of surgery was 11 months. The preoperative values of the orbital height and retrusion were 0.68 cm and 1.87 cm, respectively. They were recorded as -0.1cm and 0,63 cm, postoperatively. Mean follow-up was 36 months, neither neurological sequelae nor other significant complications were encountered. COnClusIOn:The surgical corrections have resulted in significant improvements in skull shape and high patient/parent satisfaction.KeywOrds: Plagiocephaly, Unilateral, Coronal synostosis, Fronto-orbital advancement ÖZ AmAÇ: Anterior plajiosefali genellikle koronal sutürun ipsilateral yarısının erken sinostosisi sonucu oluşur. Etkilenen yöndeki alın bölgesinde düzleşme olurken aynı taraftaki orbita geriye ve yukarıya doğru yer değiştirir. Karşı taraftaki parietal bölgede kabarıklık olabilir. yÖntem ve GereÇ: Bu çalışmada, plajiosefalik çocukların tedavisinde 7 yıldır tarafımızdan yapılan cerrahi teknikler ve sonuçları sunulmaktadır. Retrospektif olarak 2003-2010 yılları arasında tek taraflı koronal synostosisi olan 11 hastaya uygulanan cerrahi tedaviler ve sonuçları incelendi. Bu çalışmada ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası bilgisayarlı tomografileri, ameliyat teknikleri, klinik sonuçları ve komplikasyonları analiz edildi. Beş hastaya unilateral orbital ilerletme, 6 vakaya ise bilateral orbital ilerletme yapıldı. Ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası antropometrik ölçümler yapılarak geride ve yukarıda olan orbitanın ilerletilme miktarı, kontralateral tarafın ise geriye alınma miktarları yani plajiosefalinin düzelme miktarları dokümante edildi.BulGulAr: Ameliyat sırasında hastaların yaş ortalaması 11 aydı. Ameliyat öncesi orbita yüksekliği ve retrüzyon miktarı sırasıyla ortalama 0.68 cm ve 1.87 cm idi, ameliyat sonrası bu değerler ise sırasıyla -0.1 cm ve 0.63 cm bulundu. Hastaların ortalama takip süresi 36 ay olup herhangi bir komplikasyon görülmedi. sOnuÇ: Cerrahi tedavi sonrası kafatasında belirgin düzelme olurken hasta ve ebeveyin memnuniyeti de yüksek olmuştur.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The surgical treatment of plagiocephaly

Sılav

Avcı²,

Akan³

et al. 2011

Turkish Neurosurgery

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“…This has been widely used in perceptual studies, particularly for evaluating pain (2,4,15) and it has been concluded that the measurement of the continuum as produced by the VAS has greater sensitivity than the discrete points of a categorical scale when perception is being studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Surgical Technique for Trigonocephaly

Kocabalkan

Owman-Moll²,

Sugawara³

et al. 2000

Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and

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Clinically diagnosed trigonocephaly have been treated by a standard surgical technique developed at Göteborg University Craniofacial Unit. To evaluate the technique we designed a study to include both subjective and objective assessments. Of 30 patients operated on between 1988-1997, 15 patients with at least three years postoperative follow-up have been included. An evaluation of the surgical outcome of the bitemporal width, the forehead contour, and the intercanthal distance was made both subjectively using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and objectively with analyses of cephalograms taken preoperatively and postoperatively at 3 and 5 years of age. For the subjective evaluation a control group of 10 randomly selected children from a Child Welfare Centre were selected. For the objective evaluation the control group consisted of cephalograms from children born with cleft lip and palate who were matched regarding sex and age. Both cephalometric analysis and subjective studies of the outcome indicated improvement. When the forehead contour was investigated the number of patients who had been improved or corrected completely was higher when evaluated subjectively. When interorbital distance on cephalograms and intercanthal distance scores on VAS were evaluated, again the subjective study indicated improvement in more subjects.

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“…Clark, Gironda, and Young found a direct correlation between years of education and a preference for verbal, as opposed to numeric, scales [67]. Other cultural factors have been shown to play a role in how people verbally express pain [68], including ''anxiety, fear and depression'' and age, which has been found to affect subjects' interpretation of verbal pain descriptors [69]. Particular cultures have ''particular semiotics of pain expression'' [70], with a terminological effect: ''In some languages more than a dozen specific pain terms are in common use, each indicating a particular pain experience, while in other languages a single inclusive term is the norm'' [62].…”

Section: Smithmentioning

confidence: 91%