Representation of the Near-Response on the Cerebral Cortex of the Macaque*

Jampel, Robert S.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(59)90608-7

Cited by 93 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Interestingly, although pupillary miosis in near vision has been thought to be induced by either blur or disparate stimuli (Jampel 1959), more recent studies have shown that if all factors are carefully controlled, accommodation does not mediate pupillary miosis (Stalkenburg 1991). The results in the present case show that the pupillary near-vision pathway is affected and active convergence is unable to facilitate pupillary responses for near vision.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Reduced accommodative function in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a novel management strategy

Ross¹,

Heron²,

Mackie³

et al. 2000

Develop Med Child Neuro

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A 9-year-old boy with dyskinetic cerebral palsy secondary to neonatal encephalopathy is described. He presented with blurring of near vision which had begun to impact on his school work. Objective assessment of accommodation showed that very little was present, although convergence was almost normal. The near-vision symptoms were completely removed and reading dramatically improved with the provision of varifocal spectacles. Varifocal lenses provide an optimal correction for far, intermediate (i.e. for computer screens), and near distances (i.e. for reading). Managing this type of patient with varifocal spectacles has not been previously reported. It is clearly very important to prescribe an optimal spectacle correction to provide clear vision to optimize learning.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Reduced accommodative function in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a novel management strategy

Ross¹,

Heron²,

Mackie³

et al. 2000

Develop Med Child Neuro

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show abstract

“…In the Maddox/Alpern theory, the existence of a.separate convergence accommodation link is not excluded, but its role under normal circumstances is considered 'small and relatively unimportant for the basic process of near seeing' (Alpern, 1962). Alpern (1962) cites evidence, including the neurophysiological ffmdings of Jampel (1959), to support the fundamental role of blur-driven components in near triad responses. Implicit in the Maddox hierarchy are two fundamental assumptions: that 1) accommodative convergence adds algebraically to other controller signals to produce a binocular response, and that 2) the value of accommodative convergence during binocular fixation is the same as that observed monocularly (i.e.…”

Section: The Maddox Structure Of Near Triad Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evidence for separate mechanisms mediating accommodative vergence and vergence accommodation

Semmlow

Hung

1981

Doc Ophthalmol

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“…Its neurological localization differs from that of the F system. According to Jampel (1959), there ir a parieto-occipital centre. Near fixation, unlike motor fusion, is not a psychooptical reflex, but a conscious eye movement, just as are the movements of gaze.…”

Section: The S System (Synkinesis Of Near Fixation Accommodation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is normal binocular vision?

Crone¹,

Hardjowijoto²

1979

Doc Ophthalmol

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The vergence position of the eyes is determined by the near fixation-accommodation-miosis synkinesis and the fusion mechanism. The contribution of both systems was analysed in 30 normal subjects and 16 subjects with abnormal binocular vision. Prism fixation disparity curves were determined in three different experimental situations: the routine method according to Ogle, a method to stimulate the synkinetic convergence (Experiment I, with one fixation point as sole binocular stimulus) and a method to stimulate the fusion mechanism (Experiment II, with random dot stereograms). Experiment I produced flat curves and Experiment II steep curves. The mean diameter of the horizontal Panum area was 5 minutes of arc in Experiment I and 2 degrees in Experiment II. On the basis of these findings, it was postulated that the synkinetic system operates in the absence of fixation disparity and the fusion system in the presence of fixation disparity. In Experiment II, esodisparities of 100 minutes of arc occur in a number of normal subjects. The dividing line between normal and abnormal binocular vision therefore is blurred. Normal persons can display disparities, the order of magnitude of which is equal to that of the angle of squint in micro-strabismus.

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Representation of the Near-Response on the Cerebral Cortex of the Macaque*

Cited by 93 publications

References 21 publications

Reduced accommodative function in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a novel management strategy

Reduced accommodative function in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a novel management strategy

Experimental evidence for separate mechanisms mediating accommodative vergence and vergence accommodation

What is normal binocular vision?

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