Reported Direct and Indirect Contact with Dromedary Camels among Laboratory-Confirmed MERS-CoV Cases

Conzade, Romy; Grant, Rebecca; Malik, Mamunur Rahman; Elkholy, Amgad; Elhakim, Mohamed; Samhouri, Dalia; Embarek, Peter Karim Ben; Kerkhove, Maria D. Van

doi:10.3390/v10080425

Cited by 83 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Dromedary camels are a host reservoir species for the MERS-CoV (appendix pp 3-5). [20][21][22][23] Humans can acquire MERS-CoV through direct or indirect contact with infected dromedary camels or infected patients [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] (figure 4A). However not all cases infected in the community report contact with dromedary camels (appendix p 4-5).…”

Section: Sources Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prevent community transmission, contact tracing, quarantine or isolation of close contacts, and public education are important measures. 20,60 In hospitals, early case detection followed by isolation is essential, ideally in negative pressure isolation rooms. The main infection prevention and control measures for managing patients with MERS are well documented from the SARS epidemic and from experiences from managing MERS outbreaks (appendix pp 7-8).…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Middle East respiratory syndrome

et al. 2020

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The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a lethal zoonotic pathogen that was first identified in humans in Saudi Arabia and Jordan in 2012. Intermittent sporadic cases, community clusters, and nosocomial outbreaks of MERS-CoV continue to occur. Between April 2012 and December 2019, 2499 laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection, including 858 deaths (34·3% mortality) were reported from 27 countries to WHO, the majority of which were reported by Saudi Arabia (2106 cases, 780 deaths). Large outbreaks of human-to-human transmission have occurred, the largest in Riyadh and Jeddah in 2014 and in South Korea in 2015. MERS-CoV remains a high-threat pathogen identified by WHO as a priority pathogen because it causes severe disease that has a high mortality rate, epidemic potential, and no medical countermeasures. This Seminar provides an update on the current knowledge and perspectives on MERS epidemiology, virology, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features, management, infection control, development of new therapeutics and vaccines, and highlights unanswered questions and priorities for research, improved management, and prevention.

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Section: Sources Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle East respiratory syndrome

et al. 2020

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“…Dromedary camels are the putative reservoir hosts for MERS-CoV; they experience no or mild symptoms upon infection ( 5 ). Primary infection can occur from dromedary camels to humans, and new cases with evidence of camel contact continue to occur sporadically ( 6 ). MERS-CoV is 1 of the 10 high-threat pathogens on the WHO Research and Development Blueprint ( 7 ), a document that sets out a roadmap for research and development of diagnostics, preventive and therapeutic products for prevention, and early detection and response to these high-priority pathogens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Serologic Assays for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

Harvey¹,

Mattiuzzo²,

Hassall³

et al. 2019

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was detected in humans in 2012. Since then, sporadic outbreaks with primary transmission through dromedary camels to humans and outbreaks in healthcare settings have shown that MERS-CoV continues to pose a threat to human health. Several serologic assays for MERS-CoV have been developed globally. We describe a collaborative study to investigate the comparability of serologic assays for MERS-CoV and assess any benefit associated with the introduction of a standard reference reagent for MERS-CoV serology. Our study findings indicate that, when possible, laboratories should use a testing algorithm including >2 tests to ensure correct diagnosis of MERS-CoV. We also demonstrate that the use of a reference reagent greatly improves the agreement between assays, enabling more consistent and therefore more meaningful comparisons between results.

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“…32 In a study of 348 primary MERS-CoV cases, 191 (54.9%) had contact with dromedaries. 34 It is known that the calving season for dromedaries is November and March. 31,[35][36][37] In 1 study, the prevalence of MERS-CoV was higher among camels in the winter time (71.5%) than the summer time (6.2%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The finding is similar to previous analysis of MERS-CoV cases. 34 These differences reflect different risks as primary cases occur frequently among camel exposures and in the community, whereas secondary cases occur mainly in the health care settings with a high rate of young HCWs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the last two years: Health care workers still at risk

Al‐Tawfiq

Memish

2019

American Journal of Infection Control

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Background: An important emerging respiratory virus is the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV had been associated with a high case fatality rate especially among severe cases. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of reported MERS-CoV cases between December 2016 and January 2019, as retrieved from the World Health Organization. The aim of this study is to examine the epidemiology of reported cases and quantify the percentage of health care workers (HCWs) among reported cases. Results: There were 403 reported cases with a majority being men (n = 300; 74.4%). These cases were reported from Lebanon, Malaysia, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. HCWs represented 26% and comorbidities were reported among 71% of non-HCWs and 1.9% among HCWs (P < .0001). Camel exposure and camel milk ingestion were reported in 64% each, and the majority (97.8%) of those with camel exposures had camel milk ingestion. There were 58% primary cases and 42% were secondary cases. The case fatality rate was 16% among HCWs compared with 34% among other patients (P = .001). The mean age § SD was 47.65 § 16.28 for HCWs versus 54.23 § 17.34 for non-HCWs (P = .001). Conclusions: MERS-CoV infection continues to have a high case fatality rate and a large proportion of patients were HCWs. Further understanding of the disease transmission and prevention mainly in health care settings are needed.

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Reported Direct and Indirect Contact with Dromedary Camels among Laboratory-Confirmed MERS-CoV Cases

Cited by 83 publications

References 45 publications

Middle East respiratory syndrome

Middle East respiratory syndrome

Comparison of Serologic Assays for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the last two years: Health care workers still at risk

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