Report on the utilization of ethanolamine-1-14C by Mycobacterium 607

Nandedkar, Arvind K.N.

doi:10.1016/0006-2944(74)90096-9

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Alternative pathways which do not require a metabolosome and do not result in the production of toxic by-products (such as acetaldehyde) were also reported in Mycobacterium spp. and C.salexigens (7, 8, 54–56). For instance, in Mycobacterium , ethanolamine can be converted via glycoaldehyde and glyoxalate intermediates to glycine, which can be subsequently converted to serine and alanine (7, 55).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combined model of bacterial ethanolamine metabolism (7, 20, 54–56). ADP, adenosine diphosphate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; Pi, phosphate; CoASH, coenzyme A; Glu, glutamate; NAD + /NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most bacteria, phosphatidylethanolamine is synthetized via phosphatidylserine decarboxylation (5). Ethanolamine can serve as a precursor of phosphatidylethanolamine in a pathway that includes phosphatidylserine (6) and ethanolamine phosphate (7, 8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of bacteria, including Gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonella , Escherichia (12), Klebsiella (12), Erwinia , Flavobacterium , Achromobacter , Pseudomonas (13), and Vibrio (14) and Gram-positive bacteria such as Enterococcus (15), Arthrobacter , Corynebacterium (12), Clostridium , Listeria (16, 17), Streptococcus (15), and Mycobacterium (6–8), can utilize ethanolamine as a sole source of carbon and/or nitrogen (18). Bacteria are not able to synthesize ethanolamine de novo ; however, extracellular ethanolamine can enter bacterial cells through diffusion or carrier-mediated transport (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initial Metabolic Step of a Novel Ethanolamine Utilization Pathway and Its Regulation in Streptomyces coelicolor M145

Krysenko

Matthews

Okoniewski

et al. 2019

mBio

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Streptomyces coelicolor is a Gram-positive soil bacterium with a high metabolic and adaptive potential that is able to utilize a variety of nitrogen sources. However, little is known about the utilization of the alternative nitrogen source ethanolamine. Our study revealed that S. coelicolor can utilize ethanolamine as a sole nitrogen or carbon (N/C) source, although it grows poorly on this nitrogen source due to the absence of a specific ethanolamine permease. Heterologous expression of a putative ethanolamine permease (SPRI_5940) from Streptomycespristinaespiralis positively influenced the biomass accumulation of the overexpression strain grown in defined medium with ethanolamine. In this study, we demonstrated that a glutamine synthetase-like protein, GlnA4 (SCO1613), is involved in the initial metabolic step of a novel ethanolamine utilization pathway in S. coelicolor M145. GlnA4 acts as a gamma-glutamylethanolamide synthetase. Transcriptional analysis revealed that expression of glnA4 was induced by ethanolamine and repressed in the presence of ammonium. Regulation of glnA4 is governed by the transcriptional repressor EpuRI (SCO1614). The ΔglnA4 mutant strain was unable to grow on defined liquid Evans medium supplemented with ethanolamine. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis demonstrated that strain ΔglnA4 is unable to utilize ethanolamine. GlnA4-catalyzed glutamylation of ethanolamine was confirmed in an enzymatic in vitro assay, and the GlnA4 reaction product, gamma-glutamylethanolamide, was detected by HPLC/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS). In this work, the first step of ethanolamine utilization in S. coelicolor M145 was elucidated, and a putative ethanolamine utilization pathway was deduced based on the sequence similarity and genomic localization of homologous genes. IMPORTANCE Until now, knowledge of the utilization of ethanolamine in Streptomyces was limited. Our work represents the first attempt to reveal a novel ethanolamine utilization pathway in the actinobacterial model organism S. coelicolor through the characterization of the key enzyme gamma-glutamylethanolamide synthetase GlnA4, which is absolutely required for growth in the presence of ethanolamine. The novel ethanolamine utilization pathway is dissimilar to the currently known ethanolamine utilization pathway, which occurs in metabolome. The novel ethanolamine utilization pathway does not result in the production of toxic by-products (such as acetaldehyde); thus, it is not encapsulated. We believe that this contribution is a milestone in understanding the ecology of Streptomyces and the utilization of alternative nitrogen sources. Our report provides new insight into bacterial primary metabolism, which remains complex and partially unexplored.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initial Metabolic Step of a Novel Ethanolamine Utilization Pathway and Its Regulation in Streptomyces coelicolor M145

Krysenko

Matthews

Okoniewski

et al. 2019

mBio

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“…Studies concerning the functional characterization of EA and PD metabolic genes and how they contribute to virulence have been, for the most part, conducted in Salmonella , E. coli , and Enterococcus . However, the ability to utilize EA and PD has been demonstrated in other distantly related genera, including Mycobacterium , Corynebacterium , Lactococcus , and Listeria as well as non-pathogenic bacteria ( Nandedkar, 1974 ; Blackwell et al, 1976 ; Hartmans and Bont, 1986 ; Rodionov et al, 2003 ; Xue et al, 2008 ; Tsoy et al, 2009 ; Kutzner et al, 2016 ; Zeng et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cobalamin-Dependent Gene Cluster of Listeria monocytogenes: Implications for Virulence, Stress Response, and Food Safety

2020

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Several genes of the eut, pdu, and cob/cbi operons are responsible for the metabolism of ethanolamine (EA) and 1,2-propanediol (PD) and are essential during the pathogenic lifecycles of various enteric pathogens. Studies concerning EA and PD metabolism have primarily focused on bacterial genera from the family Enterobacteriaceae, especially the genus Salmonella. Listeria monocytogenes is a member of the Firmicutes phylum and is the causative agent of the rare but highly fatal foodborne disease listeriosis. The eut, pdu, and cob/cbi operons are organized as a single large locus collectively referred to as the cobalamin-dependent gene cluster (CDGC). The CDGC is well conserved in L. monocytogenes; however, functional characterization of the genes in this cluster and how they may contribute to Listeria virulence and stress tolerance in food production environments is highly limited. Previous work suggests that the degradation pathway of PD is essential for L. monocytogenes establishment in the gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, EA metabolism may be more important during intracellular replication. Other studies indicate that the CDGC is utilized when L. monocytogenes is exposed to food and food production relevant stress conditions. Perhaps most noteworthy, L. monocytogenes exhibits attenuated growth at cold temperatures when a key EA utilization pathway gene was deleted. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of these pathways in L. monocytogenes and their significance in virulence and stress tolerance, especially considering recent developments.

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Enzymatic control of membrane lipids inMycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607 grown at low temperature

Khuller

Kasinathan

Taneja

et al. 1982

Current Microbiology

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Report on the utilization of ethanolamine-1-14C by Mycobacterium 607

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Initial Metabolic Step of a Novel Ethanolamine Utilization Pathway and Its Regulation in Streptomyces coelicolor M145

Initial Metabolic Step of a Novel Ethanolamine Utilization Pathway and Its Regulation in Streptomyces coelicolor M145

The Cobalamin-Dependent Gene Cluster of Listeria monocytogenes: Implications for Virulence, Stress Response, and Food Safety

Enzymatic control of membrane lipids inMycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607 grown at low temperature

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