Report on Mussel Purification

Dodgson, Richard

doi:10.1097/00000441-193010000-00018

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is also suggested by the continuance of the high value of the respiratory quotient after the period of rapid'accumulation of glycogen (Bruce, 1926); the decrease in the R.Q.in March and April suggests the conversion of carbohydrates to fats, for storage in the maturing ova. It appears probable that scarcityof food, or the inhibition of assifmlationof food by low temp~ratures, is responsible for the decrease in glycogen content during the early months of the year, as although Dodgson (1928)has reported the opening of the shells and the maintenance of ciliary currents in Mytilus even at 0'00 C., he further states that assimilationdoes not occur at temperatures below 40C. …”

Section: And Settlement Of Mytilus 469mentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the Breeding and Settlement ofMytilus Edulis(L.) in British Waters

Chipperfield¹

1953

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The literature on Mytilus edulis is particularly extensive. The most comprehensive account yet published is that of Field (1922), who gives excellent descriptions of the anatomy, physiology and embryology, as well as the bionomics, of this species. White (1939) adds little additional information upon the breeding and growth of Mytilus. Pelseneer (1935) gives an extensive bibliography covering both breeding and growth, whilst of the more recent work upon the breeding behaviour, the contributions of Battle (1932), Whedon (1936) and Young (1942) are most important. The occurrence oflarvae in the plankton has been described in detail by Thorson (1946) and others;Visscher (1927), Orton (1933), Kandler (1926) and many others have given much information upon the spat-fall and settlement in several localities.In spite of this wealth of published data there still remains considerable doubt over the time of onset and the duration of the breeding period of M. edulis, especially in relation to environmental factors. In particular, few recent investigations on Mytilus from beds in the sheltered and estuarine areas of the British coasts have been published, whilst the conclusions to be drawn from the older work (Herdman & Scott, 1895;Johnstone, 1898; Scott, 1900, etc.) are conflicting and lacking in precision. Finally, no attempt has previously been made to investigate the breeding, settlement and growth of this species simultaneously in a number of distinct geographical localities. This was the aim of the investigation, described below, which was commenced in 1946 as part of a general investigation of the breeding, settlement and growth of a number of common sessile littoral animals, and which is still in progress.

show abstract

Section: And Settlement Of Mytilus 469mentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the Breeding and Settlement ofMytilus Edulis(L.) in British Waters

Chipperfield¹

1953

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…at a temperature of 15-16°C. showed that the concentration of dissolved oxygen decreased to a very low figure, and the pH value of the water was lowered; these changes would be expected to * Where accuracy was required in the course of this investigation salinity was determined in the laboratory by titration with silver nitrate solution, as described by Oxner & Knudsen (1920), using Knudsen's Hydrographical Tables (1901) to calculate results. As pointed out by Dodgson (1928), however, determination of specific gravity by hydrometer, though less accurate, is more suited to requirements in large-scale cleansing practice, and the errors likely to arise are not significant for this purpose. The value so obtained is the weight of a given volume of water referred to the weight of the same volume of distilled water at 40 C.…”

Section: Preliminary Small-scale Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments by Sherwood (quoted by Dodgson, 1928) have shown that mussels maintained in water of which they have themselves previously exhausted the dissolved oxygen become progressively more sluggish. It appeared, therefore, that if sea water were to be repeatedly re-used the depletion in dissolved oxygen resulting from the functioning of one batch of mussels should be remedied before the water was used for the next batch.…”

Section: Small-scale Trials With Re-used Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the cleansing stations operated or supervised by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries at which mussels are purified before being released for sale to the public, the process of purification adopted is that recommended by Dodgson (1928) and approved by the Ministry of Health. In this process a batch of mussels supported on wooden grids in an open tank is subjected to two successive periods of immersion, each lasting for about [16][17][18][19][20] hr., in sterilized fresh sea water.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Repeated re-use of sea water as a medium for the functioning and self-cleansing of molluscan shellfish

Allen¹,

Thomas²,

Thomas³

et al. 1950

Epidemiol. Infect.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Beds of molluscan shellfish are frequently located in or near estuaries which receive sewage discharged from neighbouring towns. Each shellfish passes through its system many times its own volume of water every hour (see Fox, Sverdrup & Cunningham, 1937; Galtsoff, 1946), and the organic matter and a proportion of the bacteria present in the polluting sewage pass into the digestive tract. Thus dissection of a mussel so as to reveal the rectum shows a striking contrast between the dark brown or black colour in a mussel taken from a polluted bed and the clean appearance in one which has been immersed for some time in pure sea water.Shellfish sometimes contain pathogenic bacteria of the typhoid-paratyphoid group and may thus give rise to these diseases in people consuming them, particularly as large proportions of both mussels and oysters are eaten raw. For this reason emphasis has been placed in recent years on the importance of subjecting shellfish before marketing to a period of immersion in pure sea water so that the contents of the digestive tract, including bacteria of human faecal origin, may be evacuated during normal metabolic processes.At the cleansing stations operated or supervised by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries at which mussels are purified before being released for sale to the public, the process of purification adopted is that recommended by Dodgson (1928) and approved by the Ministry of Health. In this process a batch of mussels supported on wooden grids in an open tank is subjected to two successive periods of immersion, each lasting for about [16][17][18][19][20] hr., in sterilized fresh sea water. The sea water is sterilized in a separate tank by addition of a quantity of bleaching powder equivalent to three parts of chlorine per million. After standing overnight the residual chlorine is discharged by addition of a suitable quantity of a solution of sodium thiosulphate, and the dechlorinated water is then transferred to the tank containing the mussels. After each period of purification the water is allowed to flow back to the sea and a fresh batch of sea water is used for the next cycle of cleansing. As a result of several years' experience of this method of treatment Dodgson concluded that it was reasonable to expect cleansed mussels to contain not more than five lactose-fermenting bacteria per c.c. of flesh. 29-2

show abstract

“…Indeed, periods of light and dark have been shown to reduce and increase feeding activity and/or growth in blue mussels (Huntsman, 1921;Dodgson, 1928;Coulthard, 1929;Andreu, 1960;Seed, 1969;Strömgren, 1976a, b;Nielsen & Strömgren, 1985;Trevelyan & Chang, 1987). Together with reports of a significant increase in gape angle and number of shell valve adduction events in wild subtidal and intertidal mussels at night (Wilson et al, 2005;Robson, 2008, respectively), it would appear that blue mussels can exhibit higher activity levels during the hours of darkness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of anthropogenic feeding regimes on activity rhythms of laboratory mussels exposed to natural light

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. Effect of anthropogenic feeding regimes on activity rhythms of laboratory mussels exposed to natural light. Hydrobiologia, Springer, 2010, 655, pp.197-204. 10.1007 Effect of anthropogenic feeding regimes on activity rhythms of laboratory mussels exposed to natural light Abstract Anthropogenic disturbance may affect animal behaviour and should generally be minimised. We examined how anthropogenic disturbance (24 h food deprivation) affected circadian rhythms in laboratory mussels Mytilus edulis exposed to natural light in the absence of tides. Repeated measures data were collected on mussel gape angle, exhalant pumping and valve adduction using a Hall sensor system over eight consecutive 24 h periods when exposed to two feeding conditions after 24 h food deprivation. Mussels (fed once per day at either midday or midnight) exposed to natural light showed a clear day-night rhythm with increased nocturnal activity: significantly greater gape angle, increased exhalant pumping and had significantly higher valve adduction rates. However, circadian rhythms were less clear directly after anthropogenic food deprivation, in terms of the circadian rhythm in gape angle becoming significantly more apparent over the following days. Unlike mussels fed at midnight, those fed at midday displayed no significant change in gape angle from the hour before to the hour after they were fed, i.e. mussels given food at midday reacted to this food less than mussels fed at midnight. We suggest that independent of feeding time, laboratory mussels exposed to natural light and free from anthropogenic disturbance increase feeding activity at night because their circadian rhythms are strongly influenced by light levels. This study emphasises that the behaviour of animals in the laboratory and in the wild can be altered by anthropogenic disturbances such as vibrations caused by experimental setups and artificial illumination at night.

show abstract

Report on Mussel Purification

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Observations on the Breeding and Settlement ofMytilus Edulis(L.) in British Waters

Observations on the Breeding and Settlement ofMytilus Edulis(L.) in British Waters

Repeated re-use of sea water as a medium for the functioning and self-cleansing of molluscan shellfish

Effect of anthropogenic feeding regimes on activity rhythms of laboratory mussels exposed to natural light

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About