Report of the First Meeting of the Middle East and Eastern Europe Rabies Expert Bureau, Istanbul, Turkey (June 8-9, 2010)

Aylan, O.; El-Sayed, Aly Fahmy Mohamed; Farahtaj, Firouzeh; Janani, Alireza; Lugach, O.O.; Tarkhan-Mouravi, Olgha; Usluer, Gaye; Vodopija, Rodovan; Vranješ, N.; Tordo, Noël; Dodet, Betty

doi:10.4061/2011/812515

Cited by 22 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The reported incidence of human rabies far exceeds that reported by some neighbouring countries. Incidence during 2009 is estimated from these data at 0.89 deaths per million population, compared with 0.025 for Turkey and 0.02 for Iran [11]. There was an increase in reported cases for the whole country after 2003 and a three-fold increase in reported cases in Baghdad in the ten years between 2001 and 2010.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This is already being addressed through NGOs, and the MEEREB network but will require consistent commitment and resources [11], [38]. Despite the on-going conflict, notable efforts, with international support, are being made to improve primary health care in addition to hospital based healthcare in Iraq [39], [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have provided valuable insight into the molecular epidemiology of canine rabies in the Middle East, but isolates from Iraq have not previously been available for analysis [9], [10]. The Middle East and Eastern Europe Rabies Expert Bureau (MEEREB) network was established in 2010 to improve regional collaboration in rabies control and has improved exchange of information [11]. Although Iraq is not currently represented in the network, rabies is reported in both dogs and wildlife in neighbouring countries, with dogs the main reservoir of rabies to humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rabies in Iraq: Trends in Human Cases 2001–2010 and Characterisation of Animal Rabies Strains from Baghdad

Horton

Ismail²,

Siryan

et al. 2013

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Control of rabies requires a consistent supply of dependable resources, constructive cooperation between veterinary and public health authorities, and systematic surveillance. These are challenging in any circumstances, but particularly during conflict. Here we describe available human rabies surveillance data from Iraq, results of renewed sampling for rabies in animals, and the first genetic characterisation of circulating rabies strains from Iraq. Human rabies is notifiable, with reported cases increasing since 2003, and a marked increase in Baghdad between 2009 and 2010. These changes coincide with increasing numbers of reported dog bites. There is no laboratory confirmation of disease or virus characterisation and no systematic surveillance for rabies in animals. To address these issues, brain samples were collected from domestic animals in the greater Baghdad region and tested for rabies. Three of 40 brain samples were positive using the fluorescent antibody test and hemi-nested RT-PCR for rabies virus (RABV). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using partial nucleoprotein gene sequences derived from the samples demonstrated the viruses belong to a single virus variant and share a common ancestor with viruses from neighbouring countries, 22 (95% HPD 14–32) years ago. These include countries lying to the west, north and east of Iraq, some of which also have other virus variants circulating concurrently. These results suggest possible multiple introductions of rabies into the Middle East, and regular trans-boundary movement of disease. Although 4000 years have passed since the original description of disease consistent with rabies, animals and humans are still dying of this preventable and neglected zoonosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rabies in Iraq: Trends in Human Cases 2001–2010 and Characterisation of Animal Rabies Strains from Baghdad

Horton

Ismail²,

Siryan

et al. 2013

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…The control of human rabies includes basically controlling the disease among domestic animals, especially the dogs. For this, it is suggested that all owned domestic animals should be registered and periodically immunized; and of the street animals at least 70% should be immunized as well [11,12]. Animal shelters are required in order to perform these activities on professional basis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Rate of Suspected Rabies Bites after Begin to Act Animal Shelter in Erzurum City

Vançelik

Set

Aktürk

et al. 2014

EAJM

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Objective: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between establishing an animal shelter in Erzurum and the number of suspected rabies bites between the years 2005 and 2012. Materials and Methods:A retrospective, repeated cross-sectional study was planned in Erzurum in the year 2013. Records between the years 2005 and 2012 were obtained from the Communicable Diseases Department of the Erzurum Health Directorate. Data for 5789 cases exposed to suspected rabies bites were analyzed.Results: 5789 suspected rabies bites were encountered in Erzurum between the years 2005 and 2012. After establishing the animal shelter in 2009, 4239 dogs were collected from the streets within four years and 426 of them were released after immunization. Additionally, the following services were given in the animal shelter between 2009 and 2012: immunization of 2935 dogs, sterilization of 1735 dogs, and release of 2082 dogs back to the street. 4-years before the establishment of the animal shelter, the number of dog-bites had decreased from 3403 cases to 2386 cases; 4-years after the establishment of the shelter, it declined by 29.8%. While there were 1096 suspected rabies cases during the year 2008, this ratio decreased by 40.9% after the establishment of the animal shelter in the year 2009. During the year 2010, where we had the highest number of homeless dog collection to the animal shelter, the decrease in suspected rabies bites reached the maximum decrease, namely 51.0%. Spearman correlation analysis showed a strong negative correlation between the number of collected animals and suspected rabies bites (r = -0,862; p=0.006). Conclusion:Suspected rabies cases are common in Turkey and some cases of rabies are encountered. The number of suspected rabies bites in Erzurum has decreased significantly after establishing the animal shelter. It is an evident that establishing rehabilitation centers for homeless animals in all cities will have an important role in controlling zoonotic diseases including rabies. Sonuç: Türkiye'de kuduz şüpheli ısırıklar yaygındır ve kuduz olguları görülmektedir. Erzurum ilinde SHB'nin kurulması ile birlikte kuduz şüpheli ısırık vakaları dikkate değer bir oranda azalmıştır. Sokak hayvanları rehabilitasyon merkezlerinin tüm illerde kurulması kuduz başta olmak üzere zoonotik hastalıkların kontrolünde etkin bir role sahip olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır.

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“…Recent years have seen a strengthening of rabies expert groups, both regionally based rabies expert groups (Aylan et al, 2011;Dodet et al, 2008;Dodet & Asian Rabies Expert, 2006) and international collaborations such as the Global Alliance for Rabies Control and the Partners for Rabies Prevention (Lembo et al, 2011). These experts, due to their training and expertise, play an important and powerful role in helping to design control strategies and advocating for improved resources for rabies control at national and international levels.…”

Section: Developing Programs With Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Management of Humans at Risk

Taylor

Costa

Briggs

2013

Rabies

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Report of the First Meeting of the Middle East and Eastern Europe Rabies Expert Bureau, Istanbul, Turkey (June 8-9, 2010)

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Rabies in Iraq: Trends in Human Cases 2001–2010 and Characterisation of Animal Rabies Strains from Baghdad

Rabies in Iraq: Trends in Human Cases 2001–2010 and Characterisation of Animal Rabies Strains from Baghdad

The Changing Rate of Suspected Rabies Bites after Begin to Act Animal Shelter in Erzurum City

Public Health Management of Humans at Risk

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