Abstract:Lionfish are venomous fish that belong to the Scorpaenidae family. Individuals of this family and those of the Synanceiidae family comprise most of the existing venomous fish in the world. Lionfish are originally found in the Indo-Pacific, but they have received special attention in the last years for their dissemination in the Atlantic Ocean, with the emergence of large populations in the USA, Caribbean and South America. Because of its beauty, this fish has always been present in private and commercial aquar… Show more
“…However, it can cause some cardiac symptoms such as hypo / hypertension, tachy / bradycardia and very rarely, fever, cold sweating, syncope, nausea, vomiting, dyspnoea, convulsions and even cardiac failure. Hypersensitivity to the venom may cause anaphylactic reactions, which is seen in repeated envenomation (2). Theoretically, lionfish possesses fatal toxins, however deaths due to its sting has not being reported yet (3).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As saltwater aquariums are not popular in Sri Lanka, lionfish stings not common among local aquarium keepers, which is perhaps more common in the West including USA, Mexico, Brazil etc. (2). In Sri Lanka, the usual community who are at risk includes sea bathers, snorkelers and fishermen.…”
“…However, it can cause some cardiac symptoms such as hypo / hypertension, tachy / bradycardia and very rarely, fever, cold sweating, syncope, nausea, vomiting, dyspnoea, convulsions and even cardiac failure. Hypersensitivity to the venom may cause anaphylactic reactions, which is seen in repeated envenomation (2). Theoretically, lionfish possesses fatal toxins, however deaths due to its sting has not being reported yet (3).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As saltwater aquariums are not popular in Sri Lanka, lionfish stings not common among local aquarium keepers, which is perhaps more common in the West including USA, Mexico, Brazil etc. (2). In Sri Lanka, the usual community who are at risk includes sea bathers, snorkelers and fishermen.…”
“…Esta espécie pode causar alterações deletérias em ecossistemas de recifes de coral através de predação de peixes e invertebrados, bem como a competição com predadores nativos (ALBINS; HIXON, 2008). Registrada atualmente em águas costeiras do Brasil, esta espécie tem sido indicada como uma das mais recentes ameaças para as espécies nativas (HADDAD et al, 2015).…”
Section: Aquariofilia E Ornamentação De Paisagensunclassified
RESUMO:Espécies não nativas causam danos imprevisíveis sobre os ecossistemas e são consideradas pela IUCN como a segunda maior causa mundial de perda de biodiversidade. Os ecossistemas aquáticos são particularmente vulneráveis a esse impacto e muitas pesquisas mostram que essas espécies não nativas podem alterar a composição das comunidades nativas. A proposta deste estudo é apresentar as principais causas de introduções de espécies em ecossistemas aquáticos e possíveis medidas de prevenção e controle de espécies invasoras. Em ambientes aquáticos destacam-se como causas de introduções: destruição de barreiras geográficas como construções de reservatórios e canais de transposição de rios; criação e melhoria dos estoques naturais, devido à falta de planejamento na construção e manutenção dos locais de criação; aquariofilia e ornamentação de paisagens. Além disso, o turismo através da pesca esportiva, o controle biológico na tentativa de exterminar outra espécie já introduzida, a fauna associada a qual é transportada junto com a água, substratos ou hospedeiros e água de lastro principalmente proveniente de navios mercantis, também contribuem para as introduções de espécies. Medidas de controle de espécies não nativas são escassas e a identificação de vetores, monitoramento, políticas públicas e estudos são algumas estratégias que podem ajudar a diminuir os impactos ambientais causados por espécies não nativas em ecossistemas aquáticos. A divulgação e orientação sobre os impactos ambientais causados por espécies não nativas direcionadas para a população leiga e científica faz-se necessário, sendo a Internet uma ferramenta imprescindível e prioritária no combate a espécies não nativas.
“…In human patients, these characteristics are evident from clinical cases involving many primarily defensive animal venoms. For instance, virtually all venomous fish use their potent venoms solely for defense, invariably causing intense pain immediately upon envenomation [38][39][40][41][42]. Similarly, the entirely defensive venoms of non-predatory hymenopterans such as honeybees are equally notable for the immediate pain following the sting.…”
Animals use venoms for multiple purposes, most prominently for prey acquisition and self-defense. In snakes, venom composition often evolves as a result of selection for optimization for local diet. However, whether selection for a defensive function has also played a role in driving the evolution of venom composition has remained largely unstudied. Here, we use an online survey of snakebite victims to test a key prediction of a defensive function, that envenoming should result in the rapid onset of severe pain. From the analysis of 584 snakebite reports, involving 192 species of venomous snake, we find that the vast majority of bites do not result in severe early pain. Phylogenetic comparative analysis shows that where early pain after a bite evolves, it is often lost rapidly. Our results, therefore, do not support the hypothesis that natural selection for antipredator defense played an important role in the origin of venom or front-fanged delivery systems in general, although there may be intriguing exceptions to this rule.
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