Report-in-Brief. Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II

Stewart, Brooke C.

doi:10.7930/nca4.2018.rib

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Increased soil organic matter contributes to many association soil functions like water capture and storage, erosion control, and nutrient supply that contribute to agricultural resilience and have the potential to improve farm economies [40,41]. Climate changes in the High Plains, particularly rising temperatures and more erratic precipitation, threaten the profitability and productivity of dryland agriculture in the region [42]. However, Robertson et al [43] found that intensified systems maintain higher soil carbon stocks and annualized crop production relative to wheat-fallow under multiple future climate scenarios, suggesting that intensification may enhance the resilience of dryland systems to climate change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the farmers interviewed, Rosenzweig et al [35] found that continuous farms were less than half the size of wheat-fallow and mid-intensity farms, enabled by higher profit per acre, and in part required by an increase in complexity of managing a crop every year. At a time when the majority of counties in the High Plains are experiencing depopulation [47], cropping intensification could potentially reverse these trends by enabling profitability with smaller land areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landscape-scale cropping changes in the High Plains: economic and environmental implications

Rosenzweig

Schipanski

2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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A global transformation in semi-arid cropping systems is occurring as dryland (non-irrigated) farmers in semi-arid regions shift from crop rotations reliant on year-long bare fallows, called summer fallow, to more intensively cropped systems. Understanding the rate of cropping system intensification at the landscape scale is critical to estimating the economic and environmental implications of this movement. Here, we use high-resolution satellite data to quantify dryland cropping patterns from 2008 to 2016 in the US High Plains. We use these estimates to scale up our previous field-level research in this region on soil carbon, herbicide use, yields, and profitability. Over the nine year study period, the High Plains witnessed a profound shift in cropping systems, as the historically dominant wheatfallow system was replaced by more intensified rotations as the dominant systems by land area. Out of the 4 million hectares of non-irrigated cropland in the study area, this shift coincided with a 0.5 million-hectare decline in summer fallow and a concurrent increase in alternative (non-wheat) crops. We estimate that, from 2008 to 2016, these patterns resulted in a 0.53 Tg (9%) increase in annual grain production, 80 million USD (10%) increase in annual net farm operating income, substantial reductions in herbicide use, and an increase in C sequestration that corresponds to greenhouse gas reductions of 0.32 million metric tons of CO 2 equivalents per year (MMTCO 2 e yr −1 ). We project each of these implications to a scenario of potential maximum 100% intensification and estimate that, relative to 2016 levels, herbicide use would be reduced by more than half, grain production would increase by 25%, net operating income would increase by 223 million USD (26%), and greenhouse gases would be reduced by an additional 0.8 MMTCO 2 e yr −1 . The scale of cropping intensification in the High Plains and its environmental and economic impacts has important implications for other regions undergoing similar transformations, and for policy that can either support or hinder these shifts toward more sustainable cropping systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape-scale cropping changes in the High Plains: economic and environmental implications

Rosenzweig

Schipanski

2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…Negative TWS trends across the globe have been attributed to ice cap melting due to global warming (e.g., Hugonnet et al., 2021 ; Rignot et al., 2019 ; Velicogna et al., 2014 ), excessive anthropogenic groundwater withdrawals (e.g., Rodell et al., 2009 ; Wada et al., 2012 ), and drought (e.g., Griffin & Anchukaitis, 2014 ; van Dijk et al., 2013 ), among others (Rodell et al., 2018 ). If global climate trends continue, monitoring ∆TWS will become increasingly important as some regions are likely to experience increased wetness, potentially leading to higher flood risk, while other regions are likely to experience reduced snowpack and increased dryness leading to more intense drought (USGCRP, 2018 ). In arid and semiarid regions, future climatic and anthropogenic drivers of freshwater loss will put additional stress on the agricultural sector (USGCRP, 2018 ; WWAP, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If global climate trends continue, monitoring ∆TWS will become increasingly important as some regions are likely to experience increased wetness, potentially leading to higher flood risk, while other regions are likely to experience reduced snowpack and increased dryness leading to more intense drought (USGCRP, 2018 ). In arid and semiarid regions, future climatic and anthropogenic drivers of freshwater loss will put additional stress on the agricultural sector (USGCRP, 2018 ; WWAP, 2012 ). California, USA, which produces more than half of the United States' vegetables, fruits, and nuts (CDFA, 2020 ), has experienced a decline in TWS over the last two decades driven by repeated droughts and excessive groundwater withdrawals (e.g., Faunt et al., 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Inversion of GNSS and GRACE for Terrestrial Water Storage Change in California

2022

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Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) vertical displacements measuring the elastic response of Earth's crust to changes in hydrologic mass have been used to produce terrestrial water storage change (∆TWS) estimates for studying both annual ∆TWS as well as multi‐year trends. However, these estimates require a high observation station density and minimal contamination by nonhydrologic deformation sources. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) is another satellite‐based measurement system that can be used to measure regional TWS fluctuations. The satellites provide highly accurate ∆TWS estimates with global coverage but have a low spatial resolution of ∼400 km. Here, we put forward the mathematical framework for a joint inversion of GNSS vertical displacement time series with GRACE ∆TWS to produce more accurate spatiotemporal maps of ∆TWS, accounting for the observation errors, data gaps, and nonhydrologic signals. We aim to utilize the regional sensitivity to ∆TWS provided by GRACE mascon solutions with higher spatial resolution provided by GNSS observations. Our approach utilizes a continuous wavelet transform to decompose signals into their building blocks and separately invert for long‐term and short‐term mass variations. This allows us to preserve trends, annual, interannual, and multi‐year changes in TWS that were previously challenging to capture by satellite‐based measurement systems or hydrological models, alone. We focus our study in California, USA, which has a dense GNSS network and where recurrent, intense droughts put pressure on freshwater supplies. We highlight the advantages of our joint inversion results for a tectonically active study region by comparing them against inversion results that use only GNSS vertical deformation as well as with maps of ∆TWS from hydrological models and other GRACE solutions. We find that our joint inversion framework results in a solution that is regionally consistent with the GRACE ∆TWS solutions at different temporal scales but has an increased spatial resolution that allows us to differentiate between regions of high and low mass change better than using GRACE alone.

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“…Scientists are convinced that greenhouse gas emissions are causing our world to warm at an unusually rapid rate, resulting in climatic changes and extreme weather events. 1 , 2 In a recent United Nations poll of 50 countries, over 65% of one million respondents agreed that climate change is a global threat. 3 Extreme heat, drought, extreme precipitation, air pollution, wildfires, and sea level rise are among the climate-related changes potentially affecting morbidity and mortality, especially for low-income residents with underlying health conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Human Health ECHO: Global Telementoring for Health Professionals

Katzman

Herring

Schramm

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development

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OBJECTIVE To increase the knowledge and communication skills of health professionals related to climate change and human health (CCHH). METHODS From February to April 2021, Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) created an 8-week, synchronous and virtual, CCHH ECHO telementoring series for health professionals. Didactics, simulated cases, and climate change tools were used to educate the interprofessional group of participants. RESULTS During this CCHH ECHO pilot series, 625 unique participants represented 45 US states and 25 countries. The participants reported that they increased their knowledge, skills, and communication techniques regarding climate change and health. CONCLUSIONS The human health effects of climate change is an emerging field, and increasing knowledge and communication skills among health practitioners is of critical importance. The CCHH ECHO is one potential platform that may reach a diverse community of health professionals globally due to the diffusion and demonopolization of knowledge.

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Report-in-Brief. Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Landscape-scale cropping changes in the High Plains: economic and environmental implications

Landscape-scale cropping changes in the High Plains: economic and environmental implications

Joint Inversion of GNSS and GRACE for Terrestrial Water Storage Change in California

Climate Change and Human Health ECHO: Global Telementoring for Health Professionals

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