Reply to Strub et al.: Chlorine activation by neutrons as an obvious source of
            <sup>35</sup>
            S at Fukushima

Priyadarshi, Antra; Domínguez, G.; Thiemens, M. H.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1117606109

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…46 The source of the chlorine inside the reactor has been debated. Priyadarshi et al 46,47 argued that the cooling operations from March 13 using several hundred tons of seawater mixed with boric acid (to inhibit the nuclear chain reaction) are the source of 35 Cl. Although Priyadarshi et al did not comment on the source of the neutrons at the time of seawater injection, it is likely that only spontaneous fission of heavy nuclides could have been the source, as the nuclear chain reaction in the reactors was inhibited by the control rods and the injection of borated (sea) water.…”

Section: ■ Sulfur-35mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fukushima’s Forgotten Radionuclides: A Review of the Understudied Radioactive Emissions

Steinhäuser

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

185

109

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In environmental monitoring campaigns for anthropogenic radionuclides released in the course of the Fukushima nuclear accident (2011), most focus had been on gamma-emitting radionuclides. More than 99% of the released activity was due to radionuclides of the elements Kr, Te, I, Xe, and Cs. However, little work had been done on the monitoring of radionuclides other than (131)I, (132)Te, (134)Cs, (136)Cs, and (137)Cs. Radionuclides such as those of less volatile elements (e.g., (89)Sr, (90)Sr, (103)Ru, (106)Ru, plutonium), pure beta-emitters ((3)H, (14)C, (35)S), gaseous radionuclides ((85)Kr, (133)Xe, (135)Xe) or radionuclides with very long half-lives (e.g., (36)Cl, (99)Tc, (129)I, some actinides such as (236)U) have been understudied by comparison. In this review, we summarize previous monitoring work on these "orphan" radionuclides in various environmental media and outline further challenges for future monitoring campaigns. Some of the understudied radionuclides are of radiological concern, others are promising tracers for environmental, geochemical processes such as oceanic mixing. Unfortunately, the shorter-lived nuclides of radioxenon, (103)Ru, (89)Sr and (35)S will no longer exhibit detectable activities in the environment. Activity concentrations of other radionuclides such as tritium, (14)C, or (85)Kr will become blurred in the significant background of previous releases (nuclear explosions and previous accidents). Isotope ratios such as (240)Pu/(239)Pu will allow for the identification of Fukushima plutonium despite the plutonium background.

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Section: ■ Sulfur-35mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fukushima’s Forgotten Radionuclides: A Review of the Understudied Radioactive Emissions

Steinhäuser

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

185

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Reply to Strub et al.: Chlorine activation by neutrons as an obvious source of ³⁵ S at Fukushima

Cited by 1 publication

References 5 publications

Fukushima’s Forgotten Radionuclides: A Review of the Understudied Radioactive Emissions

Fukushima’s Forgotten Radionuclides: A Review of the Understudied Radioactive Emissions

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Reply to Strub et al.: Chlorine activation by neutrons as an obvious source of 35 S at Fukushima

Cited by 1 publication

References 5 publications

Fukushima’s Forgotten Radionuclides: A Review of the Understudied Radioactive Emissions

Fukushima’s Forgotten Radionuclides: A Review of the Understudied Radioactive Emissions

Contact Info

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Reply to Strub et al.: Chlorine activation by neutrons as an obvious source of ³⁵ S at Fukushima