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Introduction COVID-19, a dreadful pandemic that has impacted human life like no other pathogenic invasion, has claimed the lives of over 100 million people. The need for effective treatment strategies is still a subject of intense research considering the rapidly evolving genome and continental diversity. Indomethacin is administered mostly as co-treatment for affected patients as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). However, the underlying mechanism of action is unresolved. This study explores the basal mechanism of indomethacin and potency in alleviating the damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 and discusses the experimental and clinical efficacy in recent studies. Areas covered The literature search and system biology-based network formation were employed to describe the potent effects and risks associated with indomethacin in in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical studies. This study also highlights the plausible mechanism of antiviral action of indomethacin with its apparent viral protein targets. The SARS-CoV-2 protein, the interacting host proteins, and the effect of indomethacin on this interactome as a standalone treatment or as part of a co-therapy strategy are particularly emphasized using network modeling. Expert opinion Indomethacin has demonstrated excellent clinical endpoint characteristics in several studies, and we recommend that it be utilized in the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID patients.
Introduction COVID-19, a dreadful pandemic that has impacted human life like no other pathogenic invasion, has claimed the lives of over 100 million people. The need for effective treatment strategies is still a subject of intense research considering the rapidly evolving genome and continental diversity. Indomethacin is administered mostly as co-treatment for affected patients as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). However, the underlying mechanism of action is unresolved. This study explores the basal mechanism of indomethacin and potency in alleviating the damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 and discusses the experimental and clinical efficacy in recent studies. Areas covered The literature search and system biology-based network formation were employed to describe the potent effects and risks associated with indomethacin in in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical studies. This study also highlights the plausible mechanism of antiviral action of indomethacin with its apparent viral protein targets. The SARS-CoV-2 protein, the interacting host proteins, and the effect of indomethacin on this interactome as a standalone treatment or as part of a co-therapy strategy are particularly emphasized using network modeling. Expert opinion Indomethacin has demonstrated excellent clinical endpoint characteristics in several studies, and we recommend that it be utilized in the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID patients.
The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existence. One cannot help but be in awe when he contemplates the mysteries of eternity, of life, of the marvelous structure of reality. It is enough if one tries merely to comprehend a little of this mystery each day.'' -''Old Man's Advice to Youth: 'Never Lose a Holy Curiosity.''' LIFE Magazine (2 May 1955) p. 64 -Albert Einstein As we begin 2021, we are facing a raging global pandemic, political turmoil, social unrest, financial uncertainties, and a backlash against science and reason. Concurrently, we are witnessing the wonders of science, as lifesaving vaccines are developed in record time using completely novel techniques. It is critical during times such as these that we remind ourselves why it is so important to seek the truth, to ask the right questions, to find the answers, and to share the discoveries with others in the spirit of unraveling the ''marvelous structure of reality'' together.We feel especially privileged to write this commentary for the first issue of 2021 that offers a number of exciting highcaliber articles, highlighting the steadfast dedication of scientists around the world to advance the field. This issue features 18 articles including 2 letters to the editor, 8 basic science studies, 6 clinical studies, 1 meta-analysis review, and 1 narrative review.The first two articles are letters to the editor regarding a study that highlighted the role that hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) plays in acute lung injury within the context of SARS-CoV-2-coronavirus pneumonia (1-3). To broadly recap a prior study, it was found that higher levels of H 2 S were identified among survivor patients with SARS-CoV-2-coronavirus pneumonia (1). However, questions were raised regarding the study's high absolute levels of the H 2 S (2). Welcoming the discussion on their study, the authors offered additional data further supporting their original conclusion that modulation of H 2 S plays a major role in this viral infection (1, 3).Remaining on the topic of the impact of hydrogen-based molecules, Xie et al. ( 4) present their basic science study
Today it is well established that early life stress leads to cardiovascular programming that manifests in cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms by which this occurs, are not fully understood. This perspective review examines the relevant literature that implicates the dysregulation of the gasomediator hydrogen sulfide and the neuroendocrine oxytocin systems in heart disease and their putative mechanistic role in the early life stress developmental origins of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, interesting hints towards the mutual interaction of the hydrogen sulfide and OT systems are identified, especially with regards to the connection between the central nervous and the cardiovascular system, which support the role of the vagus nerve as a communication link between the brain and the heart in stress-mediated cardiovascular disease.
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