Reply to: On the ferroelectricity of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites

Liu, Yongtao; Collins, Liam; Proksch, Roger; Kim, Songkil; Watson, Brianna R.; Doughty, Benjamin; Calhoun, Tessa R.; Ahmadi, Mahshid; Ievlev, Anton V.; Jesse, Stephen; Retterer, Scott T.; Belianinov, Alex; Xiao, Kai; Huang, Jingsong; Sumpter, Bobby G.; Kalinin, Sergei V.; Hu, Bin; Ovchinnikova, Olga S.

doi:10.1038/s41563-019-0481-6

Cited by 40 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Measurements with 785 nm (1.58 eV) laser allow us to rule out the thermal effect induced extra photon energy. In these measurements, photon energy was close to the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 bandgap (≈1.51–1.58 eV), the absorption spectrum of the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 sample is shown in our previous study 2a. In this case thermal heating of the sample stemming from the extra photon energy is negligible, but lattice expansion is still observable by XRD (Figure S2b, Supporting Information), suggesting that the thermal effects can be ruled out.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 thin films were synthesized as previously reported 2a. Briefly, PbI 2 precursor was spun‐cast onto a precleaned indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CH 3 NH 3 I precursor was spun‐cast subsequently, followed by thermal annealing at 100 °C until the PbI 2 ‐CH 3 NH 3 I bilayer fully converted to CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 . Earlier studies discovered that ferroelastic twin domains in HOIPs exhibit elastic variation,2a,9h chemical segregation,2a different charge transport characteristics,2b,9a and different photovoltage and photocurrent,9g between adjacent domains. However, the details of the interplay of behaviors, e.g., how chemical segregation affects elastic and electronic properties, are missing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have impressive properties, including low trap density, long carrier diffusion length, ferroic‐ionic coupling, photostriction, and tunable spin states . This stimulated research efforts into HOIPs for optoelectronic applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ferroelectricity has been proposed as a common thread connecting HOIPs properties such as current–voltage hysteresis, twin domain structure, and optical nonlinearity . Recently, the discovery of ferroic twin domains in HOIPs has drawn intensive interest into its ferroic nature and subsequent effects on the photophysics of HOIPs …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light‐Ferroic Interaction in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites

Liu

Ievlev

Collins

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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Given the remarkable performance of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) in solar cells, light emitters, and photodetectors, the quest to advance the fundamental understanding of the photophysical properties in this class of materials remains highly relevant. Recently, the discovery of ferroic twin domains in HOIPs has renewed the debate of the ferroic effects on optoelectric processes. This work explores the interaction between light and ferroic twin domains in CH3NH3PbI3. Due to strain and chemical inhomogeneities, photogenerated electrons and holes show a preferential motion in the ferroelastic twin domains. Density functional theory (DFT) shows that electrons and holes result in lattice expansion in CH3NH3PbI3 differently. Hence, light generates strain in the ferroelastic domains due to preferential photocarrier motion, leading to a screening of strain variation. X‐ray diffraction studies verify the DFT simulations and reveal that the photoinduced strain is light intensity dependent, and the photoexcitation is a prerequisite of inducing strain by light. This work extends the fundamental understanding of light‐ferroic interaction and offers guidance for developing functional devices.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 thin films were synthesized as previously reported 2a. Briefly, PbI 2 precursor was spun‐cast onto a precleaned indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light‐Ferroic Interaction in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites

Liu

Ievlev

Collins

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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Ferroelectric Poling of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Thin Films

Röhm

Leonhard

Hoffmann

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Seemingly contradictory reports on polar domains and their origin have surrounded the controversial discussion about the ferroelectricity of the methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) thin films that are commonly employed in perovskite solar cells. In this work, microscopic modulations of the polar domain patterns upon application of an electric poling field are correlated with macroscopic changes to the currents through the MAPbI 3 layer. Piezoresponse force microscopy is used to monitor the widening, narrowing, generation or extinction of polar domains, as well as shifts of the domain walls at room temperature under an in-plane electric poling field that is applied between two laterally organized electrodes. This poling leads to a net polarization of individual grains and the thin film itself. Macroscopically, this net polarization results in a persistent shift of the diode characteristics that is measured across the channel between the electrodes. Both the modulation of the polar domains upon electric poling and the concurrent persistent shift of the electric currents through the device are the unambiguous hallmarks of ferroelectricity, which demonstrate that MAPbI 3 is a ferroelectric semiconductor.

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Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) for Chemical Characterization of Metal Halide Perovskites

Liu

Lorenz

Ievlev

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Metal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cells have attracted much attention due to the rapidly growing power conversion efficiency that has reached 25.2% in a decade, comparable to established commercial photovoltaic modules. Compositional engineering is one of the most effective methods to boost the performance of MHP solar cells. Further improving the efficiency and the stability of MHP solar cells necessitates good understanding of the chemical–efficiency correlation and the chemical evolution during the degradation of MHP solar cells. In this regard, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) is a powerful tool to investigate the chemical aspect of MHPs and has played an important role in advancing the development of MHP optoelectronics. However, up to date, a review that can guide future utilization of ToF‐SIMS in the MHP development is missing. Herein, the capabilities of ToF‐SIMS in MHP investigations are summarized and analyzed from simple material synthesis and chemical distribution to more complicated device operation mechanism and stability. The strength of ToF‐SIMS in resolving important issues in this field, such as interface composition, ion migration, and degradation in MHP is highlighted. Finally, an outlook with an emphasis on making the utmost of ToF‐SIMS in developing MHP devices is provided.

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Reply to: On the ferroelectricity of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Light‐Ferroic Interaction in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites

Light‐Ferroic Interaction in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites

Ferroelectric Poling of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Thin Films

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) for Chemical Characterization of Metal Halide Perovskites

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