Reply to Leif Wennerberg's comment on “Simultaneous study of the source, path, and site effects on strong ground motion during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake: A preliminary result on pervasive nonlinear site effects”

Quantifying Regional Body Wave Attenuation in a Seismic Prone Zone of Northeast India

“…Therefore, we take a geometrical spreading exponent α to be unity in our study region. This gives an inverse power law with hypocentral distance of r -1 , which is frequently used for assessment of direct body wave attenuation in the crust (Chin and Aki 1991;Ishida, 1992;Yoshimoto et al, 1993;Singh et al, 2012, Kumar et al, 2014, Negi et al, 2014.…”

Bayesian inference of a physical seismological model for earthquake strong-motion in south Iceland

“…Static slip distributions derived from geodetic data from the three largest earthquakes in the SISZ all show that the earthquake source is relatively simple (at least at lower frequencies), with one or two significant patches (subevents) of large slip that are located at shallow depths (≈4-5 km) having dimensions of several km with significant slip consistently reaching shallow depths of 0-2 km [41,[87][88][89]. The margin of the largest subevents where the rupture is arrested is considered to be the location where most high-frequency radiation originates from [64,90,91]. Therefore, we expect the effective depth parameter ℎ to be around 2-3 km, but may range between zero (the earth's surface) and the assumed thickness of the brittle crust, which increases from 5 to 12 km from the Reykjanes Peninsula to the eastern SISZ [2,92] and was set to maximum 10 km in this study.…”

Development of a Vs30(NEHRP) map for the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

“…It should be noted that the above-mentioned observations are for a linear elastic soil response. Soil nonlinearity is an important issue when the level of shaking exceeds a threshold level; this behaviour has been studied for decades (Chang et al 1989;Chin and Aki 1991;Beresnev and Wen 1996;Frankel et al 2002;Tsuda et al 2005). Nonlinear effects of soft soils are expected to decrease the amplification effects as well as shift the energy to longer periods, relative to the weak-motion case.…”