Reply to Jacobs and Manfredo: More support for a pervasive decline in nature-based recreation

Pergams, Oliver R. W.; Zaradic, Patricia A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0803331105

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It faces competition from other forms of entertainment, particularly electronic technology (Pergams & Zaradic, 2006; Staempfli 2009), and other preoccupational demands like school and work. There are nascent claims of a pervasive decline, or at best a fundamental shift, in nature-based recreation participation and preferences across the developed world (Pergams & Zaradic, 2008a, 2008b). Adequately facing these challenges will require continued development of the conceptualization, empirical verification, and ultimate understanding of enduring participation in nature-based activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is recommended that future research and theory focus on identifying additional factors and how they may influence participation (Loucks-Atkinson & Mannell, 2007). The need for such a more inclusive understanding of the childhood–adult participation nexus is essential given claims of declining participation, shifts in nature-based activity preferences, and competition from nonnature-based forms of recreation (Pergams & Zaradic, 2006; Pergams & Zaradic, 2008a, 2008b). A more inclusive understanding of the childhood–adult participation connection could be useful in efforts to adequately face impending nature-based participation challenges.…”

Section: Operational Models Of Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Childhood

Asah

Βengston

Westphal

2011

Environment and Behavior

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A conceptual and operational model examined relationships among childhood participation in nature-based activities, motivations, constraints, mitigation of constraints, and adult visits to Minnesota State Parks. The results support a model in which (a) higher childhood participation in nature-based activities increased motivation and mitigation strategies, (b) constraints decreased state park visitation and also triggered the use of mitigation strategies that in turn increased state park visits, and (c) higher levels of motivation improved efforts to negotiate constraints and visit more. Consistent with the main hypothesis, the more nature-based activities people participate in during childhood, the more they desire such activities and are able to mitigate constraints to participation, and consequently, the higher the level of participation, as an adult. The results suggest a rather indirect association between childhood participation in nature-based activities and adulthood participation in such activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Operational Models Of Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Childhood

Asah

Βengston

Westphal

2011

Environment and Behavior

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“…Jacobs and Manfredo 2008, Kareiva 2008, Pergams and Zaradic 2008 over underpinning assumptions and interpretation of results. In contrast to the apparent situation in the US presented by Pergams and Zaradic (2006), reporting on international patterns of visitation to protected areas, Balmford et al (2009) suggested patterns showed 'spatial heterogeneity'.…”

Section: Changing Visitation Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme sports in natural areas: looming disaster or a catalyst for a paradigm shift in land use planning?

Burgin¹,

Hardiman²

2012

Journal of Environmental Planning and Management

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Historically, visitors' motives for visiting protected areas included 'rest, relaxation and reinvigoration'. Ecological impacts were typically low. Recent trends have increased use of protected areas for extreme sports, with greater numbers undertaking more active recreation, such as extreme sports. The effect of this trend is considered, together with potential management options. We propose that the development of appropriately targeted and delivered educational programmes could minimise environmental degradation. However, to maximise ecological conservation in protected lands we consider that a major paradigm shift is required. This will require a more strategic, holistic approach to planning and managing outdoor recreation/sport destinations incorporating collaboration across stakeholders. Based on past experience, to continue with the current model will ultimately accelerate biodiversity loss, degradation of protected areas, and loss of recreational amenity.

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“…Their data indicated declines in visitation to national parks in Japan and the US and, to a lesser extent, also other US land tenures since about 1990. The political implications of this led to intense debate [23] – [25] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%