Reply to comments on "A reevaluation of cancer incidence near the Three Mile Island".

Wing, Steve; Richardson, David B.; Armstrong, Donna

doi:10.1289/ehp.105-1469992

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…As a consequence, it seems highly unlikely that radioactive releases during the accident causally relate to observed variations in cancer rates near the TMI plant (4)(5)(6)(7). However, one study has suggested otherwise (9), but this has remained controversial (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome Aberrations in a Group of People Exposed to Radioactive Releases from the Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident and Inferences for Radiation Effects

et al. 2021

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group of people exposed to radioactive releases from the Three Mile Island nuclear accident and inferences for radiation effects. Radiat. Res.Recently, it has been proposed that the doses received from 133 Xe released during the accident in 1979 at the Three Mile Island (TMI) plant in Pennsylvania were much higher than has been conventionally assessed because of a gross underestimation of the relative biological effectiveness of electrons from beta-particle-emitting radionuclides within the body. The central evidence cited in support of this proposal was the doses derived from cytogenetic analyses of blood sampled in the mid-1990s from people living near TMI at the time of the accident. However, the chromosome aberration data show a marked discrepancy in biodosimetric estimates evaluated from the frequencies of stable translocations and unstable dicentrics (corrected for temporal attenuation), strongly suggesting that exposures to clastogenic agents occurred long after the TMI accident. Few details have been reported on the people providing the blood samples and how they were selected for study. Crucially, this lack of information includes the distributions in the exposed and control groups of age at sampling, which is a critical factor in interpreting translocation data. Contrary to the recent claim, these cytogenetic data offer no support to the suggestion of a serious underestimation of internal doses from beta particles or from 133 Xe discharged during the TMI accident.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome Aberrations in a Group of People Exposed to Radioactive Releases from the Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident and Inferences for Radiation Effects

et al. 2021

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Does living near a constellation of petrochemical, steel, and other industries impair health?

Bhopal¹,

Moffatt²,

Pless‐Mulloli³

et al. 1998

Occup Environ Med

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Objectives-To investigate concern that local industrial air pollution in Teesside, England, was causing poor health, several areas there were compared with parts of the City of Sunderland. Results-The populations in the four zones were comparable for indicators including smoking habits, residential histories, and unemployment. All cause and cause specific mortalities were high compared with England and Wales. Mortality in all Teesside zones (ABC) combined was mostly higher than in zone S. In people aged 0-64, lung cancer and respiratory disease showed gradients with highest mortality in areas closest to industry (A>B>C and ABC>S). The association was clearest for lung cancer in women (0-64 years old, trend across zones ABC, p=0.07, directly standardised rate ratio relative to zone S was 169 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 116-122)). There were no important, consistent gradients in the hypothesised direction between zones in consultation rates in general practice, and self reported respiratory and nonrespiratory health including asthma. Conclusions-There was no clear evidence that living close to industry was associated with morbidity, including asthma, or for most measures of mortality. For lung cancer in women the gradients indicated a health eVect of local industrial air pollution. In the age group 0-64 observed gradients in lung cancer in men and mortality from respiratory disease in men and women were consistent with the study hypothesis, although not significant. The reasons for the diVerent patterns at diVerent ages, and between men and women, remain a puzzle. (Occup Environ Med 1998;55:812-822) Methods-Populations

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Social responsibility and research ethics in community-driven studies of industrialized hog production.

Wing

2002

Environ Health Perspect

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Environmental health research can document exposures and health effects that result from inequitable relationships between communities of low income or people of color and the institutions that derive benefits (profits, federal and state funding or services, avoidance of wastes) from activities and policies that burden these communities. Researchers, most of whom work in relatively privileged institutions, are placed in situations of conflicting loyalties if they conduct research in collaboration with, or on behalf of, communities burdened by environmental injustices. These conflicts can threaten the self-interest of researchers and may raise social and ethical issues that do not typically arise in research projects that respond to the agendas of institutions. This article describes how we addressed issues of research ethics and social responsibility in environmental health research on industrialized hog production in North Carolina. Researchers and institutional review boards are not well prepared to address ethical issues when interests of entire communities, as well as individual research participants, are involved. Community-driven research partnerships can help address problems in research ethics and can enhance the social responsibility of researchers and their institutions.

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Reply to comments on "A reevaluation of cancer incidence near the Three Mile Island".

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Chromosome Aberrations in a Group of People Exposed to Radioactive Releases from the Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident and Inferences for Radiation Effects

Chromosome Aberrations in a Group of People Exposed to Radioactive Releases from the Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident and Inferences for Radiation Effects

Does living near a constellation of petrochemical, steel, and other industries impair health?

Social responsibility and research ethics in community-driven studies of industrialized hog production.

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