All eventually fell to Rome. Likewise, the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan was considered a "Golden Age" of the Mughal Empire in what today is India, but as he fell ill, the Mughal tradition that succession went to 'the strongest' took hold. Jahan's sons rebelled, fighting against one another and imprisoning their father, the Shah, who lived for another 8 years. The Mughal Empire soon fell apart.By contrast, the inheritor of Alexander's Aristotelian influence was the city of Alexandria, founded as a center of learning, science, and knowledge. However, Alexandria's strength was not the excellence of a single academy within it-but the dozens of philosophical and scientific pursuits studied there. Schools reconciled to the existence of one another turned that energy instead to accumulating, cataloging, and furthering philosophy, science, medicine, mathematics, and astronomy.With the passing of Jay Forrester, the field of system dynamics exists at a similar crossroads. Debates of implicit, if not explicit, inheritance and future direction are already breaking out among competing generals. Who owns Forrester's legacy? Will we proceed down the reference mode of the Macedonian and Mughal Empires-or will we instead seek an alternative reference mode of Alexandria: integration, reconciliation, and mutually recognized coexistence of different schools within the broader field of system dynamics?We suggest the latter path-and that begins by recognizing at least four, if not more, distinct schools of thought on how to approach system dynamics