Reply to Comment on “Malfitano, A.M. et al. Virotherapy as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Aggressive Thyroid Cancer” Cancers 2019, 11, 1532

Abstract

Our work is focused on the future clinical use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) for the treatment of aggressive thyroid carcinomas [...]

Tumor-Associated Macrophage Status in Cancer Treatment

“…The use of virotherapy is emerging as a valid therapeutic treatment for several type of cancer. It is based on the use of OVs that, beyond their direct lytic effect on tumor cells, function through a multitude of events like modification of the tumor micro/macro-environment, modulation of the antitumor immune response [6][7][8][9]. The role of macrophages on virotherapy efficacy varies according to the tumor model.…”

“…Additionally, TAMs are mainly responsible for resistance to well-known antitumor treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy, indeed they limit the efficacy of immunotherapy, i.e., anti-PD1 treatment [3][4][5]. However, depending on the tumor type and treatment adopted it might be possible to identify novel approaches, i.e., combinatory therapies also taking advantage of more recent treatments as those based on the use of oncolytic viruses (OV) [6][7][8][9]. In this review, we will highlight TAMs as therapeutic target and their modulation by anticancer therapies.…”