Reply to comment by Hillis et al. (2013)

White, Nicky; Mackay, L. M.; Jones, S. M.; Lovell, J. P. B.; Davis, M. W.

doi:10.1093/gji/ggt132

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…White et al . () subsequently criticized Hillis et al . () for producing estimates of denudation that were too high, because they did not consider any effect of elevated palaeo‐geothermal gradient, in agreement with Green et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…() deduced an upper bound of ∼2300 m of Cenozoic denudation, whereas White et al . () claimed that the value should be ≤1000 m and possibly only ∼100 m. However, to inform evaluation of the local shale gas/shale oil resource, Andrews () produced a best‐estimate upper‐bound of ∼2100 m, similar to the Hillis et al . () value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, White et al . () also criticized the Hillis et al . () analyses of parts of Britain that are outside any region of elevated Palaeocene geothermal gradient, such as the Weald Basin in south‐east England; here Hillis et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…White et al . () also criticized Hillis et al . (2008, ) over this, since their interpretation would require hundreds of kilometres of Late Cenozoic crustal shortening across Britain, for which there is no evidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5. White et al (2013) subsequently criticized Hillis et al (2008) for producing estimates of denudation that were too high, because they did not consider any effect of elevated palaeo-geothermal gradient, in agreement with Green et al (2012). However, White et al (2013) also criticized the Hillis et al A related debate has concerned localized effects of active faulting on isostatic equilibrium within Britain.…”

Section: Alternative Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isostatic compensation of Quaternary vertical crustal motions: coupling between uplift of Britain and subsidence beneath the North Sea

Westaway

2016

J Quaternary Science

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New data from offshore and onshore regions confirm the view that the Quaternary uplift of Britain and subsidence beneath the North Sea are coupled, mediated by lower‐crustal flow induced by the lateral pressure gradient caused by climate‐driven surface processes. Most measured onshore uplift rates, in both upland and lowland localities, are only applicable since the Mid‐Pleistocene Revolution; beforehand, generally lower rates prevailed. Earlier (?Oligocene–Pliocene) phases of uplift and subsidence had typically even lower rates; furthermore, the western margin of the North Sea depocentre was ∼200 km farther from the modern coastline of north‐east England. In the earliest Cenozoic, complex isostatic adjustments occurred in response to the magmatism associated with the Iceland mantle plume; the contemporaneous land surface (relative to the present‐day rock column) in northern England was typically ∼1500 m OD. However, this activity died out during the Palaeogene; the main effect of these events on the modern isostatic configuration was via the emplacement of thick mafic underplating, which now constricts the mobile lower‐crustal layer, explaining the Late Cenozoic ultra‐stability of Ireland. The evidence enables interpretations of the present‐day topography of Britain as static, caused by the Iceland mantle plume, or actively developing in response to plate motions or plate boundary forces, to be excluded.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alternative Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isostatic compensation of Quaternary vertical crustal motions: coupling between uplift of Britain and subsidence beneath the North Sea

Westaway

2016

J Quaternary Science

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Early Cenozoic Denudation of Central West Britain in Response to Transient and Permanent Uplift Above a Mantle Plume

2018

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Upwelling mantle plumes beneath continental crust are predicted to produce difficult to quantify, modest uplift and denudation. The contribution of permanent and transient components to the uplift is also difficult to distinguish. A pulse of denudation in Britain in the Early Paleogene has been linked, although with some controversy, with the arrival of the proto‐Iceland mantle plume. In this contribution we show that combining apatite and zircon (U‐Th‐Sm)/He and apatite fission track analyses from central west Britain with numerical modeling clearly identifies a pulse of early Cenozoic denudation. The data indicate that rock uplift and denudation were centered on the northern East Irish Sea Basin and 1.0–2.4 km of rocks were removed during the latest Cretaceous‐early Paleogene. Uplift and erosion appears to have started a few million years before the earliest magmatism in the region. The regional denudation pattern mirrors the distribution of low‐density magmatic rocks that has been imaged in the deep crust. However, the injection of the underplating melt is not enough to account for the total denudation. An additional regional uplift of at least 300 m is required, which is consistent with a transient thermal effect from the hot mantle plume. The rapid exhumation event ceased by ~40 Ma and the data do not require significant Neogene exhumation.

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The Cretaceous–Paleogene unconformity in England: Uplift and erosion related to the Iceland mantle plume

Gale

Lovell

2018

Proceedings of the Geologists' Association

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Reply to comment by Hillis et al. (2013)

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Isostatic compensation of Quaternary vertical crustal motions: coupling between uplift of Britain and subsidence beneath the North Sea

Isostatic compensation of Quaternary vertical crustal motions: coupling between uplift of Britain and subsidence beneath the North Sea

Early Cenozoic Denudation of Central West Britain in Response to Transient and Permanent Uplift Above a Mantle Plume

The Cretaceous–Paleogene unconformity in England: Uplift and erosion related to the Iceland mantle plume

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