Reply to comment by H. J. Hendricks Franssen on “An unexpected pattern of distinct weekly periodicities in climatological variables in Germany”

Bäumer, D.; Vogel, Bernhard

doi:10.1029/2007gl032432

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…There are also apparent weekly cycles at urban and rural stations, which is in agreement with Forster and Solomon (2003). It suggests that the weekend effect in DTR in the TP cannot be explained completely by microclimate effects, and seems not solely a local phenomenon, although it could be local in origin from the interaction between aerosols and meteorological variables, while uncertainties still exist (Bäumer 2008, Bäumer and Vogel 2007, Forster and Solomon 2003, Gong et al 2006, Sanchez-Lorenzo et al 2008. There is also an opposite signal weekend effect between autumn/summer (negative) and winter/spring (positive) in the TP, which is possibly caused by different atmospheric circulation patterns and by the direct and indirect effects of aerosols on radiation, cloud, precipitation, and so on (Gong et al 2006, Sanchez-Lorenzo et al 2008.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…There exists a weekend effect in DTR in different regions of the world, such as Canada, Mexico, eastern China and Japan, and aerosol-cloud interactions are the most likely cause (Forster and Solomon 2003). In Germany, significant weekly periodicities are identified, and the interaction of a weekly aerosol cycles, supported by the existence of a significant weekly cycle in the aerosol optical thickness over the country and adjacent areas , and the dynamics of the atmosphere could possibly help to explain such phenomena (Bäumer andVogel 2007, Laux andKunstmann 2008). In Spain, the weekly cycles in winter may be related to changes in the atmospheric circulation over Western Europe, which may be due to some indirect effect of anthropogenic aerosols (Sanchez-Lorenzo et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Does a weekend effect in diurnal temperature range exist in the eastern and central Tibetan Plateau?

You

Kang

Flügel

et al. 2009

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The 'weekend effect' method (defined here as the average for Saturday through Monday minus the average for Wednesday through Friday) has been used to identify fingerprints of anthropogenic emissions. Based on daily maximum and minimum temperature series from the China Meteorological Administration homogenized dataset, the weekend effect in diurnal temperature range (DTR) at 71 stations with elevations above 2000 m asl in the eastern and central Tibetan Plateau (TP) during 1961-2004 is examined, and principal component analysis (PCA) is performed to cluster series into four subregions with similar weekend effect variability. The DTR demonstrates a much stronger negative weekend effect in autumn and shows larger positive values in winter, which provides a strong evidence of anthropogenic activity in this region, especially in the central TP. Analysis by topographic type and degree of urbanization shows a clear weekly cycle which cannot be explained by a microclimate effect. We hypothesize that the interaction with anthropogenic aerosols from local emissions and transported by atmospheric circulation may account for the weekly cycle in the TP. More caution should be paid to the driving mechanism of the weekend effect in the most remote and clear regions in the world.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Does a weekend effect in diurnal temperature range exist in the eastern and central Tibetan Plateau?

You

Kang

Flügel

et al. 2009

Environ. Res. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a comment to the previous paper, Hendricks Franssen [2008], however, affirmed that the weekly cycles observed in Germany are random since they are not consistent with results obtained with long‐term series of sunshine duration and precipitation variables in two Swiss stations. The former authors have responded [ Bäumer and Vogel , 2008] arguing that if it is assumed that the weekly cycle is induced by anthropogenic activities, then it is understandable not to detect these periodicities over the last centuries and contrarily it is more likely that the weekly cycle has become more intense since the second half of the 20th century. Similarly, Gong et al [2006] detected in China that the weekly cycle is clearer since the late 1970s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter “weekend effect” in southern Europe and its connections with periodicities in atmospheric dynamics

Sánchez-Lorenzo¹,

Calbó²,

Martín‐Vide³

et al. 2008

Geophysical Research Letters

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Winter weekly cycles of different climatic variables have been detected over Spain during the 1961–2004 period. The 13 analyzed series come from stations placed on different climatological and geographical areas with different level of urban influence. Therefore, the weekly cycles can hardly be related with local effects. Contrarily, we suggest that the weekly cycles may be related with changes in the atmospheric circulation over Western Europe, which may be due to some indirect effect of anthropogenic aerosols. Particularly interesting is the observed increase in Sea Level Pressure over Southern Europe during the weekends and consequently a decrease of anticyclonic conditions during the central weekdays.

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“…Schultz et al (2007) analyze a large set of observations from 219 stations in the United States to reach the opposite conclusion, that precipitation amounts and frequency do not exhibit any dependence on the day of the week. In Europe, Bä umer and Vogel (2007) analyze 12 stations in Germany to find significant departures from a homogeneous distribution of rainfall during the week. Franssen (2007) considers rainfall observations from two stations in Switzerland to refute the conclusions by Bäumer and Vogel (2007) and to show that random fluctuations can account for observed deviations from homogeneity during the week.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Detection of Weekly Preferential Occurrences with an Application to Rainfall

Marani

2010

Journal of Climate

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The detection of weekly preferential occurrences in atmospheric and hydrologic processes has recently attracted much attention as a way to identify the signature of anthropogenic climatic changes. The interpretation of previous analyses, however, is not unequivocal, in part as a result of a lack of widely accepted statistical criteria. Here, a general and exact method to detect the presence of weekly preferential occurrences is developed and applied to long rainfall observations in Marghera, Italy; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Portland, Maine. The method makes use of the fact that, under the null hypothesis of stationarity, the process of event occurrence in the different days of the week is equivalent to the random distribution of a number of balls (the wet days) in a set of boxes (the days of the week). The departure from a homogeneous distribution is then characterized through the probability of the maximum number of balls in a box, which can be computed exactly with no ad hoc assumptions. The new method shows that (i) preferential rainfall weekly occurrences emerge in all cases in the most recent period analyzed (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006), while they are absent-or are too weak to be detected-in previous years (before 1989); and (ii) the balls-in-boxes approach appears to be more sensitive than Pearson's test when deviations from homogeneity are associated with just one day of the week, a common occurrence in connection with day-of-the-week effects. The results presented help to reconcile previous contrasting studies and to contribute compelling evidence that anthropogenic changes in the local climate have occurred over the past century in urban and industrial areas.

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Reply to comment by H. J. Hendricks Franssen on “An unexpected pattern of distinct weekly periodicities in climatological variables in Germany”

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Does a weekend effect in diurnal temperature range exist in the eastern and central Tibetan Plateau?

Does a weekend effect in diurnal temperature range exist in the eastern and central Tibetan Plateau?

Winter “weekend effect” in southern Europe and its connections with periodicities in atmospheric dynamics

The Detection of Weekly Preferential Occurrences with an Application to Rainfall

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