Reply: Interaction between Brassinosteroids and Gibberellins: Synthesis or Signaling? In Arabidopsis, Both!

Unterholzner, Simon Josef; Rozhon, Wilfried; Poppenberger, Brigitte

doi:10.1105/tpc.16.00120

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…However, both Unterholzner et al and Tong et al showed that moderate to strong BR mutants can have largely normal GA growth responses. Ross and Quittenden claim that the severe BR-deficient mutants are insensitive to GA in both Arabidopsis and rice; however, we think that this is a misinterpretation of our data and others showing that GA can rescue many of the BR response phenotypes of strong BR mutants (Tong et al, 2014;Unterholzner et al, 2015Unterholzner et al, , 2016.…”

Section: Opencontrasting

confidence: 74%

Reply: Brassinosteroid Regulates Gibberellin Synthesis to Promote Cell Elongation in Rice: Critical Comments on Ross and Quittenden’s Letter

Tong

Chu

2016

Plant Cell

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Section: Opencontrasting

confidence: 74%

Reply: Brassinosteroid Regulates Gibberellin Synthesis to Promote Cell Elongation in Rice: Critical Comments on Ross and Quittenden’s Letter

Tong

Chu

2016

Plant Cell

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“…As expected, MC significantly downregulated BEE1, BEE2, and BEE3, whereas upregulated BAK1, this is probably due to the fact that BAK1 is shared with other signaling pathways such as plant immunity (Postel et al, 2010). Complicated crosstalk exists between BR and GA. Studies showed that the crosstalk between BR and GA differed depending on hormone concentrations, development stages, tissues, and plant species (Tong and Chu, 2016;Unterholzner et al, 2016). We found that exogenous GA 3 increased the expression of BEE3 but did not affect that of CPD (Figure 8).…”

Section: Remarkably Altered the Biosynthesis And Signaling Transdumentioning

confidence: 64%

Transcriptome Profiling of the Elongating Internode of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Seedlings in Response to Mepiquat Chloride

et al. 2020

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The plant growth retardant mepiquat chloride (MC) has been extensively used to produce compact plant canopies and increase yield in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Previous studies showed that MC reduced plant height and internode length by inhibiting GA biosynthesis and cell elongation. However, whether there are other molecular mechanisms underlying MC-induced growth retardation has remained largely unknown. In the present study, we conducted histological, transcriptomic, and phytohormone analyses of the second elongating internodes of cotton seedlings treated with MC. Histological analysis revealed that the MC shortened the internodes through suppressing both cell division and cell elongation. Consistent with the observed phenotype, many genes related to cell growth were significantly downregulated by MC. Transcriptome profiling showed that the expression of genes related not only to GA, but also to auxin, brassinosteroid (BR), and ethylene metabolism and signaling was remarkably suppressed, whereas that of genes related to cytokinin (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism was induced by MC. Consistent with the expression pattern, significant decrease of endogenous GA, auxin, and BR content, but an increase in CK content was observed after MC treatment. Most of these hormone related genes displayed opposite regulation pattern by exogenous GA 3 treatment compared to MC; simultaneous application of MC and GA 3 could alleviate the genes expression changes induced by MC treatment, indicating MC does not directly affect other plant hormones, but through the inhibition of the GA biosynthesis. In addition, the expression of genes related to secondary metabolism and many transcription factors (TFs) were differentially regulated by MC. In summary, we confirmed the important role of GA in MC-induced growth inhibition of cotton, and further found that other hormones were also involved in this process in a GA-dependent manner. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the MC-mediated inhibition of internode elongation in cotton seedlings.

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“…Three major classes of hormones, Auxins, Brassinosteroids, and Gibberellins, are all associated with growth phenotypes like those that differ between coastal perennial and inland annual ecotypes of M. guttatus (Ross and Quittenden ; Unterholzner et al. ). These hormones interact in multiple ways, which have yet to be fully elucidated, to result in shifts in growth/reproduction phenotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While we saw a greater response to GA addition in coastal plants and observed an interaction between GA addition and the inversion, other hormones could also play a role or even be the ultimate cause of the divergence between the coastal perennial and inland annual ecotypes. Three major classes of hormones, Auxins, Brassinosteroids, and Gibberellins, are all associated with growth phenotypes like those that differ between coastal perennial and inland annual ecotypes of M. guttatus (Ross and Quittenden 2016;Unterholzner et al 2016). These hormones interact in multiple ways, which have yet to be fully elucidated, to result in shifts in growth/reproduction phenotypes.…”

Section: Herbivore Resistance?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of a locally adaptive shift in allocation among growth, reproduction, and herbivore resistance in Mimulus guttatus *

et al. 2019

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Environmental gradients can drive adaptive evolutionary shifts in plant resource allocation among growth, reproduction, and herbivore resistance. However, few studies have attempted to connect these adaptations to underlying physiological and genetic mechanisms. Here, we evaluate potential mechanisms responsible for a coordinated locally adaptive shift between growth, reproduction, and herbivore defense in the yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus. Through manipulative laboratory experiments, we found that gibberellin (GA) growth hormones may play a role in the developmental divergence between perennial and annual ecotypes of M. guttatus. Further, we detected an interaction between a locally adaptive chromosomal inversion, DIV1, and GA addition. This finding is consistent with the inversion contributing to the evolutionary divergence between inland annual and coastal perennial ecotypes by reducing GA biosynthesis/activity in perennials. Finally, we found evidence that the DIV1 inversion is partially responsible for a coordinated shift in the divergence of growth, reproduction, and herbivore resistance traits between coastal perennial and inland annual M. guttatus. The inversion has already been established to have a substantial impact on the life‐history shift between long‐term growth and rapid reproduction. Here, we demonstrate that the DIV1 inversion also has sizable impacts on both the total abundance and composition of phytochemical compounds involved in herbivore resistance.

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Reply: Interaction between Brassinosteroids and Gibberellins: Synthesis or Signaling? In Arabidopsis, Both!

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

Reply: Brassinosteroid Regulates Gibberellin Synthesis to Promote Cell Elongation in Rice: Critical Comments on Ross and Quittenden’s Letter

Reply: Brassinosteroid Regulates Gibberellin Synthesis to Promote Cell Elongation in Rice: Critical Comments on Ross and Quittenden’s Letter

Transcriptome Profiling of the Elongating Internode of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Seedlings in Response to Mepiquat Chloride

Mechanisms of a locally adaptive shift in allocation among growth, reproduction, and herbivore resistance in Mimulus guttatus *

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