Reply by the author to M. J. Hall

Hammer, Sigmund

doi:10.1190/1.1486944

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Parthenogens would seem to be more likely to inhabit islands (Cuellar, 1977) due to their colonization potential, and perhaps a third of the taxa recorded from South Pacific islands are known or suspected parthenogens (data from Hammer, 1982). Most of these belong to the Desmonomata or Lohmanniidae.…”

Section: Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The distribution, mechanisms and evolutionary significance of parthenogenesis in oribatid mites

1991

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Highly derived oribatid mites (Brachypylina) seem to fit most predictions of evolutionary theory regarding the ecological, geographical and taxonomic distribution of parthenogenesis. Earlier derivative groups generally do not. We suggest that the ancestors of large, completely parthenogenetic families (for example, Brachychthoniidae, Lohmanniidae, Camisiidae, Trhypochthoniidae, Malaconothridae, Nanhermanniidae) were themselves parthenogenetic, and that 'speciation' and radiation occurred in the absence of sexual reproduction. Further, it is speculated that automixy (meiotic thelytoky) was the process involved -even though some extant species may prove to be secondarily apomictic, just as apomicts evolve from sexually reproducing lineages. If mechanisms for maintaining heterozygosity are effective, automixy can provide all the advantages of parthenogenesis, plus the DNArepair advantage of meiosis. Genotypes can be diversified by the formation of distinct clones, thereby providing the raw material for successful radiation. The disadvantage of such a system would be its slow rate of change due to the absence of an allele-recruitment mechanism. Much of the above remains speculative since available data are meagre. Future work should include surveys of thelytokous mechanisms in oribatid mites, the genetic characterization of populations of a variety of parthenogenetic and sexual species, and the refinement of hypotheses on phylogenetic relationships of parthenogenetic taxa• Invited paper. R. Schuster et al., The Acari

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Section: Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The distribution, mechanisms and evolutionary significance of parthenogenesis in oribatid mites

1991

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“…In the conventional way, the wastewater is treated through different stages starting from primary treatment to advanced (tertiary) treatment. The advanced treatment is designed mainly to remove the nitrogen and the phosphorus to control eutrophication [18]. Compared to the standards (Chloride 1000, Sulfate 2000, Alkali carbonates and bicarbonates 1000, and Total dissolved solids 2000 mg/L), the characteristics of the recycled water used in this study were found to be acceptable by the masonry blocks standards authority in Dubai [1].…”

Section: Recycled Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 88%

Green Blocks Made of Recycled Construction Waste using Recycled Wastewater

Elgaali¹,

Wazeer²

2021

Adv. sci. technol. eng. syst. j.

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This study tests the feasibility of manufacturing concrete blocks made of recycled materials. The paper is an extension of work originally presented in ASET conference in Dubai. The paper, depicts and analyzes how the characteristics of the blocks (strength/durability) are affected by the presence of recycled concrete ingredients (recycled aggregate (RA)) and recycled water (RW). The recycled materials (RA and RW) were mixed in 16 different configurations; from each one 10 samples were prepared for testing. In each concrete configuration the RA and RW gradually replaced the fresh materials at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The RA moderately impacted the bearing capacity but significantly impacted the durability. The results show that using recycled aggregate decreases the bearing capacity by 22% (at the 100% replacement), and the recycled water slightly affected the bearing capacity (at the 100% replacement). To boost the durability, the ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) was used, in the concrete mix, instead of the ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The GGBS was used at 3 magnitudes: 25%, 50%, and 75% of OPC. As a result the carbon foot-print footprint (1000 kg/m 3 ) was significantly lowered. Besides, the strength and durability of the blocks are reasonably enhanced. Generally, producing blocks from recycled materials is economical and feasible. The use of GGBS helps to lower the carbon footprint and enhance the strength and durability.

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“…For example, the membrane filters (reverse osmosis (RO), micro, ultra, and Nano-filtration) are widely used to remove the dissolved solids (DS) and particulate matter (PM); the membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems are increasingly used now as an efficient technique to reclaim wastewater; the oxidation technique which is advanced to combine ozone, ultraviolet (UV) light, and hydrogen peroxide to create the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (.OH) [4]. The use and level of treatment required, dictates the cost of water recycling [4], [13]- [17].…”

Section: Astesj Issn: 2415-6698mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling and Reuse of Wastewater Generated in Car-Washing Facilities

Elgaali¹,

Akram²

2021

Adv. sci. technol. eng. syst. j.

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Fresh water is already scarce in the world, especially in the Middle East (ME). Desalination industry is the main supplier of the potable water to the municipalities in the ME region. It is well known the high cost of a liter of water produced by the desalination process. Unfortunately, car-washing service consumes substantial amount of this desalinated water. This paper describes a filtration system designed and tested for treatment and reuse of the wastewater generated in car-washing stations. The filtration system assembled from two filters: (1) sand and gravel mix, and (2) activated carbon. The paper is an extension of work originally presented in ASET conference in Dubai. The quality of the effluent (treated wastewater) was investigated and determined in Dubai central laboratories. Wastewater samples were grabbed from different car service stations. Representative samples were prepared and the concentrations of the following parameters were measured in each sample of the effluent: (1) Biological oxygen demand (BOD), (2) Chemical oxygen demand (COD), (3) Total dissolved solids (TDS), (4) Total suspended solids (TSS), and (5) Oil and grease (OG). The results show that the filter system removes the BOD and COD at an efficiency as high as 97.5%, the TSS at 90%, and the TDS and OG at 85.5%. In general, the quality of the effluent was found to fall within the standards set by Dubai regulatory authorities. Further research is recommended to enhance the filtration system performance and make it commercially applicable.

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Reply by the author to M. J. Hall

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

The distribution, mechanisms and evolutionary significance of parthenogenesis in oribatid mites

The distribution, mechanisms and evolutionary significance of parthenogenesis in oribatid mites

Green Blocks Made of Recycled Construction Waste using Recycled Wastewater

Recycling and Reuse of Wastewater Generated in Car-Washing Facilities

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