Replication Strategies for Distributed IEC 61499 Applications

Santos, Adriano A.; Sousa, Mário de

doi:10.1109/iecon.2018.8592737

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The interaction scenarios depend on the system distribution and the replication performed by the application designer, that is, on the components that send events and/or data ➁ (one-to-many), the receivers ➄ (many-to-one) or both ➃ (many-to-many) are replicated components or not, as you can see in Fig. 4 and explained in [12] and [13].…”

Section: Overview Of Iec 61499 Replicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Replicated Distributed Control Systems Applications Based on IEC 61499

Santos

Silva

Magalhães

et al. 2021

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of industrial and domestic equipment is increasingly dependent on computerized control systems. This evolution awakens in the users the feeling of reliability of the equipment, which is not always achieved. However, system designers implement fault-tolerance methodologies and attributes to eliminate faults or any error in the system.Industrially, the increase in system reliability is achieved by the redundancy of control systems based on the replication of conventional and centralized programmable logic controllers. In distributed systems, reliability is achieved by replicating and distributing the most critical elements, leaving a single copy of the remaining components. On the other hand, given the nature of the distributed systems, it will also be necessary to ensure that the data set received by each of the replicas has the same order. Thus, any change in the order and data set received will result in different results, in each of the replicas, which may manifest in erroneous behavior.In this paper, the interactions and the erroneous behavior of the replicas are explained, depending on the data set received, in a fault tolerant distributed system. Its tendency, behavior and possible influences on reliability are presented, considering the failure rate and availability based on the mean time to failure.

show abstract

Section: Overview Of Iec 61499 Replicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Replicated Distributed Control Systems Applications Based on IEC 61499

Santos

Silva

Magalhães

et al. 2021

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Component replication can be performed using multiple replicas, however, the most common is the use of two (f + 1) or three replicas (2 * f + 1), to tolerate f failures. Therefore, replication based on these assumptions places us in the presence of several communication/interaction scenarios in which the exchange of messages can be defined according to the following four approaches [22]: 1-to-1 (communication from a nonreplicated FB to another nonreplicated or communication inside of the replica, base of the IEC 61499 communication); 1-to-many (communication from a nonreplicated FB to a group of replicated FB. An atomic multicast protocol [9] must be used to ensure that all the replicas received the same set of information (data/events) in the same order.…”

Section: Proposed Iec 61499 Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the concept of timed messages [10] must be implemented to define the correct order of the execution of the received data. Thus, according to the mapping of the replication scenarios presented in [22], the application clocks must be synchronized. Data to be disseminated are associated with the availability times, defined by the execution times of the FBs to which the events/data are linked, that is, immediately after their execution.…”

Section: Consolidation and Voting Replicate Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinism of Replicated Distributed Systems–A Timing Analysis of the Data Passing Process

Santos¹,

Silva²,

Magalhães³

et al. 2020

Adv. sci. technol. eng. syst. j.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fault-tolerant applications are created by replicating the software or hardware component in a distributed system. Communications are normally carried out over an Ethernet network to interact with the distributed/replicated system, ensuring atomic multicast properties. However, there are situations in which it is not possible to guarantee that the replicas process the same data set in the same order. This occurrence will lead to inconsistency in the data set produced by the replicas, that is, the determinism of the applications is not guaranteed. To avoid these inconsistencies, a set of Function Blocks has been proposed which, taking advantage of the inherent properties of Ethernet, can guarantee the synchronism and determinism of the real-time application. This paper presents this set of Function Blocks, focusing our action on the development of reliable distributed systems in real-time. This demonstrates that the developed Function Blocks can guarantee the determinism of the replicas and, as such, that the messages sent are processed, in the same order and according to the time in which they were made available.

show abstract

Simulation and Control of a Cyber-Physical System under IEC 61499 Standard

Santos

Silva

2021

Procedia Manufacturing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Replication Strategies for Distributed IEC 61499 Applications

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Reliability of Replicated Distributed Control Systems Applications Based on IEC 61499

Reliability of Replicated Distributed Control Systems Applications Based on IEC 61499

Determinism of Replicated Distributed Systems–A Timing Analysis of the Data Passing Process

Simulation and Control of a Cyber-Physical System under IEC 61499 Standard

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About