Replication of cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNA in vitro by an RNA&amp;#x2010;dependent RNA polymerase from virus&amp;#x2010;infected tobacco

Wu, Guangyu; Kaper, J.M.; Jaspars, E.M.J.

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(91)80870-9

Cited by 23 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Autoradiography studies indicate OVX rats administered P 4 and/or E 2 have reduced NMDAR binding in cortex (Wu et al, 1991; Cyr et al, 2000). Neurosteroids, such as 3α,5α-THP, have actions involving NMDARs (Korinek et al, 2011).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of 3α5α-thp For Affect and Motivated Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects and Mechanisms of 3α,5α,-THP on Emotion, Motivation, and Reward Functions Involving Pregnane Xenobiotic Receptor

Frye¹,

Paris²,

Walf³

et al. 2012

Front. Neurosci.

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Progestogens [progesterone (P4) and its products] play fundamental roles in the development and/or function of the central nervous system during pregnancy. We, and others, have investigated the role of pregnane neurosteroids for a plethora of functional effects beyond their pro-gestational processes. Emerging findings regarding the effects, mechanisms, and sources of neurosteroids have challenged traditional dogma about steroid action. How the P4 metabolite and neurosteroid, 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (3α,5α-THP), influences cellular functions and behavioral processes involved in emotion/affect, motivation, and reward, is the focus of the present review. To further understand these processes, we have utilized an animal model assessing the effects, mechanisms, and sources of 3α,5α-THP. In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), 3α,5α-THP has actions to facilitate affective, and motivated, social behaviors through non-traditional targets, such as GABA, glutamate, and dopamine receptors. 3α,5α-THP levels in the midbrain VTA both facilitate, and/or are enhanced by, affective and social behavior. The pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR) mediates the production of, and/or metabolism to, various neurobiological factors. PXR is localized to the midbrain VTA of rats. The role of PXR to influence 3α,5α-THP production from central biosynthesis, and/or metabolism of peripheral P4, in the VTA, as well as its role to facilitate, or be increased by, affective/social behaviors is under investigation. Investigating novel behavioral functions of 3α,5α-THP extends our knowledge of the neurobiology of progestogens, relevant for affective/social behaviors, and their connections to systems that regulate affect and motivated processes, such as those important for stress regulation and neuropsychiatric disorders (anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, drug dependence). Thus, further understanding of 3α,5α-THP’s role and mechanisms to enhance affective and motivated processes is essential.

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Section: Mechanisms Of 3α5α-thp For Affect and Motivated Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects and Mechanisms of 3α,5α,-THP on Emotion, Motivation, and Reward Functions Involving Pregnane Xenobiotic Receptor

Frye¹,

Paris²,

Walf³

et al. 2012

Front. Neurosci.

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“…The replication of satRNAs hinges on the replication proteins produced by RNA1 and RNA2 of CMV [ 48 ]. Purified viral replicases derived from CMV-infected leaves have demonstrated their capability to support the complete replication of satRNAs in vitro [ 49 , 50 ]. This is consistent with the findings from the in trans replication assays, which reveal that CMV replication proteins, generated from non-replicable RNA transcripts, can effectively support the replication of satRNA isolate T1 (sat-T1) [ 51 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The non-template functions of helper virus RNAs create optimal replication conditions to enhance the proliferation of satellite RNAs

Qiao,

Wang,

Huang

et al. 2024

PLoS Pathog

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As a type of parasitic agent, satellite RNAs (satRNAs) rely on cognate helper viruses to achieve their replication and transmission. During the infection of satRNAs, helper virus RNAs serve as templates for synthesizing viral proteins, including the replication proteins essential for satRNA replication. However, the role of non-template functions of helper virus RNAs in satRNA replication remains unexploited. Here we employed the well-studied model that is composed of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and its associated satRNA. In the experiments employing the CMV trans-replication system, we observed an unexpected phenomenon the replication proteins of the mild strain LS-CMV exhibited defective in supporting satRNA replication, unlike those of the severe strain Fny-CMV. Independent of translation products, all CMV genomic RNAs could enhance satRNA replication, when combined with the replication proteins of CMV. This enhancement is contingent upon the recruitment and complete replication of helper virus RNAs. Using the method developed for analyzing the satRNA recruitment, we observed a markedly distinct ability of the replication proteins from both CMV strains to recruit the positive-sense satRNA-harboring RNA3 mutant for replication. This is in agreement with the differential ability of both 1a proteins in binding satRNAs in plants. The discrepancies provide a convincing explanation for the variation of the replication proteins of both CMV strains in replicating satRNAs. Taken together, our work provides compelling evidence that the non-template functions of helper virus RNAs create an optimal replication environment to enhance satRNA proliferation.

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The Satellite RNA of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus-RPV Is Supported by Beet Western Yellows Virus in Dicotyledonous Protoplasts and Plants

et al. 1997

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The subgroup II luteovirus barley yellow dwarf virus-RPV (BYDV-RPV) acts as a helper virus for a satellite RNA (satRPV RNA). The subgroup II luteovirus beet western yellows virus (BWYV) and the ST9-associated RNA (ST9a RNA), a BWYV-associated RNA that encodes a polymerase similar to those of subgroup I luteoviruses, were assayed for their ability to support replication of satRPV RNA. SatRPV RNA was replicated in tobacco protoplasts in the presence of BWYV RNA or a mixture of BWYV plus the ST9a RNA, but not in the presence of ST9a RNA alone. ST9a RNA stimulated BWYV RNA accumulation which, in turn, increased the accumulation of satRPV RNA. SatRPV RNA was encapsidated in BWYV capsids primarily as circular monomers, which differs from the linear monomers found in BYDV (RPV + PAV) particles. SatRPV RNA was transmitted to Capsella bursa-pastoris plants by aphids only in the presence of BWYV and ST9a RNA. SatRPV RNA reduced accumulation of both BWYV helper and ST9a nonhelper RNAs in plants but did not affect symptoms. The replication of satRPV RNA only in the presence of subgroup II luteoviral RNAs but not in the presence of RNAs with subgroup I-like polymerase genes, in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous hosts, suggests that the specificity determinants of satRPV RNA replication are contained within the polymerase genes of supporting viruses rather than in structural genes or host plants.

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Replication of cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNA in vitro by an RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase from virus‐infected tobacco

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Effects and Mechanisms of 3α,5α,-THP on Emotion, Motivation, and Reward Functions Involving Pregnane Xenobiotic Receptor

Effects and Mechanisms of 3α,5α,-THP on Emotion, Motivation, and Reward Functions Involving Pregnane Xenobiotic Receptor

The non-template functions of helper virus RNAs create optimal replication conditions to enhance the proliferation of satellite RNAs

The Satellite RNA of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus-RPV Is Supported by Beet Western Yellows Virus in Dicotyledonous Protoplasts and Plants

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