Replication-Competent Viral Vectors for Vaccine Delivery

Parks, Christopher L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802302-0.00001-7

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 267 publications

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“…The detailed information on this vaccine is not available to date. The Ad5 vector vaccine does not integrate with the host genome after entering the nucleus, 68 thus avoids risk of insertional mutagenesis and is safe to use in human. The quiescent and actively dividing cells were transduced to give high titers and thereby allowing high protein expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The replicating viral vector vaccine exploits the potential of vectors to continuously replicate and facilitate persistent immune response in the host cell 68–70 . Because of the properties of persistent responses through replicating viral vector vaccine, as compared with non‐replicating viral vector vaccine, the viral vector vaccines promote longer and higher expression of immune cells even at lower immunization doses 69–71 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Interpretative immune targets and contemporary position for vaccine development against SARS‐CoV‐2: A systematic review

Chauhan

Soni

Gupta

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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The year 2020 started with the emergence of novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which causes COVID‐19 infection. Soon after the first evidence was reported in Wuhan, China, the World Health Organization declared global public health emergency and imminent need to understand the pathogenicity of the virus was required in limited time. Once the genome sequence of the virus was delineated, scientists across the world started working on the development of vaccines. Although, some laboratories have been using previously developed vaccine platforms from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus and apply them in COVID‐19 vaccines due to genetic similarities between coronaviruses. We have conducted a literature review to assess the background and current status of COVID‐19 vaccines. The worldwide implementation and strategies for COVID‐19 vaccine development are summarized from studies reported in years 2015–2020. While discussing the vaccine candidates, we have also explained interpretative immune responses of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. There are several vaccine candidates at preclinical and clinical stages; however, only 42 vaccines are under clinical trials. Therefore, more industry collaborations and financial supports to COVID‐19 studies are needed for mass‐scale vaccine development. To develop effective vaccine platforms against SARS‐CoV‐2, the genetic resemblance with other coronaviruses are being evaluated which may further promote fast‐track trials on previously developed SARS‐CoV vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretative immune targets and contemporary position for vaccine development against SARS‐CoV‐2: A systematic review

Chauhan

Soni

Gupta

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Considering that an HIV vaccine may require the administration of multiple doses [ 107 ], the issue with anti-vector responses is no minor concern, since it can reduce the effectivity of homologous vaccine regimens [ 108 , 109 ]. Furthermore, the potential of replication-competent vectors to reactivate is especially concerning in immunocompromised vaccinees, such as PLWH [ 110 ]. Even though there are many research lines with viral vectors trying to solve these matters (e.g., replication deficient vectors and combination of different serotypes and heterologous regimens), plasmid DNA and mRNA vaccines are an attractive alternative to bypass these limitations ( Box 1 ) [ 111 ].…”

Section: Nucleic Acid Vaccines and Their Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic Acid Vaccines Encoding Proteins and Virus-like Particles for HIV Prevention

Tarrés-Freixas,

Clotet,

Carrillo

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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The development of HIV prophylactic vaccines is facing an impasse, since all phase IIb/III clinical trials were halted in 2023 without demonstrating efficacy. Thus, the field is in need of developing novel immunogens and vaccination strategies that induce broadly neutralising antibodies together with potent Fc-dependent effector functions, as well as protective cross-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Nucleic acid vaccines, particularly mRNA vaccines, have been one of the major groundbreaking advances in the current decade. Nucleic acid vaccines may help recalibrate the HIV vaccine field towards the use of delivery systems that allow the proper expression of immunogens as a sole antigen (i.e., membrane-bound trimeric envelope glycoproteins) or even to be displayed in a multiantigen platform that will be synthesised by the host. In this review, we will summarise how the multiple HIV vaccine strategies pursued in the last 40 years of HIV research have driven current vaccine development, which are the most relevant immunogens identified so far to induce balanced adaptive immune responses, and how they can benefit from the acceptance of nucleic acid vaccines in the market by reducing the limitations of previous delivery systems. The incorporation of nucleic acid vaccines into the current heterogeneous repertoire of vaccine platforms may represent an invaluable opportunity to reignite the fight against HIV.

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“…Despite the tremendous success generated by an empiric approach to vaccine development, eliciting robust and long-lasting protective immunity to certain pathogens remains challenging [ 1 , 2 ]. While live attenuated virus vaccines have remarkable efficacy, this is not a solution for all pathogens either because they cannot be safely attenuated or because natural infection does not confer protective immunity [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Purified protein or recombinant subunit vaccines have provided a way forward in some instances, however the immunogenicity of such antigens is often poor or vaccination simply does not generate the type of immune response required for protection [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Vaccine-Encoded Flagellin Can Be Used as an Adjuvant Scaffold to Augment HIV-1 gp41 Membrane Proximal External Region Immunogenicity

Ajamian

Melnychuk

Jean-Pierre

et al. 2018

Viruses

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Flagellin’s potential as a vaccine adjuvant has been increasingly explored over the last three decades. Monomeric flagellin proteins are the only known agonists of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). This interaction evokes a pro-inflammatory state that impacts upon both innate and adaptive immunity. While pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) like flagellin have been used as stand-alone adjuvants that are co-delivered with antigen, some investigators have demonstrated a distinct advantage to incorporating antigen epitopes within the structure of flagellin itself. This approach has been particularly effective in enhancing humoral immune responses. We sought to use flagellin as both scaffold and adjuvant for HIV gp41 with the aim of eliciting antibodies to the membrane proximal external region (MPER). Accordingly, we devised a straightforward step-wise approach to select flagellin-antigen fusion proteins for gene-based vaccine development. Using plasmid DNA vector-based expression in mammalian cells, we demonstrate robust expression of codon-optimized full length and hypervariable region-deleted constructs of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi flagellin (FliC). An HIV gp41 derived sequence including the MPER (gp41607–683) was incorporated into various positions of these constructs and the expressed fusion proteins were screened for effective secretion, TLR5 agonist activity and adequate MPER antigenicity. We show that incorporation of gp41607–683 into a FliC-based scaffold significantly augments gp41607–683 immunogenicity in a TLR5 dependent manner and elicits modest MPER-specific humoral responses in a mouse model.

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Replication-Competent Viral Vectors for Vaccine Delivery

Cited by 3 publications

References 267 publications

Interpretative immune targets and contemporary position for vaccine development against SARS‐CoV‐2: A systematic review

Interpretative immune targets and contemporary position for vaccine development against SARS‐CoV‐2: A systematic review

Nucleic Acid Vaccines Encoding Proteins and Virus-like Particles for HIV Prevention

DNA Vaccine-Encoded Flagellin Can Be Used as an Adjuvant Scaffold to Augment HIV-1 gp41 Membrane Proximal External Region Immunogenicity

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