Replicating the chronic disease score (CDS) from automated pharmacy data

Johnson, Richard E.; Hornbrook, Mark C.; Nichols, Gregory A.

doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)90106-6

Cited by 104 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Covariates in the multivariate regression models were age, sex, chronic disease score as an index of comorbidity and nitrate use. 6,12,13 Among those who underwent amputation, we compared medication use before and after amputation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of suboptimal management of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and symptomatic atherosclerosis

Brown

Johnson²,

Majumdar³

et al. 2004

Canadian Medical Association Journal

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of suboptimal management of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and symptomatic atherosclerosis

Brown

Johnson²,

Majumdar³

et al. 2004

Canadian Medical Association Journal

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t Some research exists using different grouping systems for predicting or studying total health expenditures [3][4][5][6]13], but we lack research using these methods to focus specifically on pharmacy expenditure [14,15].…”

Section: The Valencian Health System and Pharmaceutical Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these are based on electronic prescription information, such as WHO-ATC and the Rx models [2][3][4][5]. Others are based on diagnoses: Clinical Risk groups (CRGs) [6,7], Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACGs) [8] and Diagnostic Cost Groups, (DCG).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictability of pharmaceutical spending in primary health services using Clinical Risk Groups

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…To measure comorbidity at the time of diagnosis, we calculated the Chronic Disease Score, a validated measure that estimates the number and severity of chronic health conditions for an individual based on data describing his or her purchases of drugs. 25,26 We presumed that an annual retinal screening occurred whenever a registrant had one or more visits to an optometrist or ophthalmologist at the organization in one calendar year. We defined mortality as the probability that a person included in the analysis in a given year died in the following year.…”

Section: Summary Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-control study of 10 years of comprehensive diabetes care

Ga²,

Hs³

2000

Western Journal of Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ⅷ Objective To describe the long-term clinical impact of a comprehensive management program instituted throughout a health system for members with diabetes mellitus. ⅷ Design 10 year case-control evaluation. ⅷ Setting Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR. ⅷ Participants Members of the health maintenance organization between 1987 and 1996; members with diabetes were compared with equal numbers of members without diabetes. The number of participants with diabetes ranged from 5331 in 1987 to 13,099 in 1996. ⅷ Main outcome measures Number in diabetes register, mortality, change in comorbidity, rates of uptake of preventive health measures, use of pharmaceuticals, levels of risk factors, hospital days per thousand per year, emergency room visits per thousand per year. ⅷ Results The prevalence of diabetes identified in this population rose from 2.54% (7,895/310,819) in 1987 to 3.66% (14,741/402,754) in 1996, and the mean (SEM) age of members at the time of diagnosis fell slightly from 62.9 (±0.21) years to 62.0 (±0.13) years (P < 0.05). By 1996, 10,885 of the 13,099 (83% ±0.3%) of members with diabetes had an annual laboratory test to assess glycemic control, the annual screening rate for retinopathy was 67.6% (±0.4%), the rate of uptake of influenza immunizations was 60.2% (7,886/13,099) and the screening rate for nephropathy was 43% (5,698/13,099) (±0.49%). The use of home glucose testing increased from 32.4% (1721/5331) of members with diabetes to 53.0% (6,942/12,099); the use of lipid lowering drugs increased from 3.5% (187/55,331) to 19.8% (2,594/13,099). The use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors increased from 8.5% to 34.8% of members with diabetes. Mean blood pressure decreased from 144/82 mm Hg (±0.8/0.4) to 138/79 mm Hg (±0.3/0.15), and mean total cholesterol concentrations dropped from 243 mg/dL (±4.2) to 215 mg/dL (±0.6). By 1996, 56.4% (7,388/1,3099) (±0.5%) of members on the diabetes register had good to excellent glycemic control (HbA 1c <8%). Mortality decreased from 4.8% (256/5331) (±0.3%) to 3.6% (472/13,099) (±0.2%) among members with diabetes, this was a more rapid decrease than was observed among those without diabetes (P < 0.01). The annual ratio of visits to the emergency room by members with diabetes to members without fell from 2.5 to 1.8, and the ratio for the number of days spent in acute care in the hospital dropped from 3.6 to 2.5. ⅷ Conclusions This centrally organized program based in a primary care setting and utilizing a register of patients with diabetes was associated with substantial improvements in the process and outcomes of care in a large population of health maintenance organization members with diabetes.

show abstract

Replicating the chronic disease score (CDS) from automated pharmacy data

Cited by 104 publications

References 3 publications

Evidence of suboptimal management of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and symptomatic atherosclerosis

Evidence of suboptimal management of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and symptomatic atherosclerosis

Predictability of pharmaceutical spending in primary health services using Clinical Risk Groups

Case-control study of 10 years of comprehensive diabetes care

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About