Replens versus dienoestrol cream in the symptomatic treatment of vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women

Bygdeman, M.; Swahn, Marja‐Liisa

doi:10.1016/0378-5122(95)00955-8

Cited by 241 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Nonestrogenic treatments such as nonhormonal lubricants and vaginal moisturizers should be first-line therapy for women with a history of breast cancer because they have been shown to improve blood flow to vulvovaginal tissue and improve dryness. 114,115 Once-daily treatment with vaginal estrogen preparations (Vagifem E2 tablet, Novo Nordisk, Princeton, NJ) and Prem arin conjugated estrogen cream (Pfizer, Inc, New York, NY) has been studied in postmenopausal women. Women applied either a 25 μg E2 tablet or 1 g of conjugated estrogen cream (containing 0.625 mg estrogen) daily to the vagina for 1 week.…”

Section: Management Of Vulvovaginal Adverse Effects Attributable To Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the Gynecologic Care of Premenopausal Women With Breast Cancer

Bakkum-Gamez

Laughlin

Jensen

et al. 2011

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

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). © 2011 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and ResearchB reast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States who are aged 20 to 59 years. 1 In 2010, an estimated 207,090 new cases of breast cancer were identified in the United States. 2 Although breast cancer risk increases with age, approximately 35% of breast cancers occur during the reproductive and perimenopausal years. 3 The 5-year relative survival rate for women of all ages with breast cancer diagnosed between 1999 and 2005 is 89%. 3 Of the premenopausal breast cancers diagnosed, approximately 58% are both estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positive, 6% are ER positive only, 17% are PR positive only, and 20% are both ER and PR negative. 4 The management and treatment of breast cancer in premenopausal women can affect menstruation, reproduction, and gynecologic health. Breast cancer treatment can have a marked affect on fertility in women who have delayed childbearing and have fewer remaining reproductive years. Among premenopausal women with breast cancer, more than 50% wish to retain their fertility. 5 AUB = abnormal uterine bleeding; E2 = estradiol; EA = endometrial ablation; EC = endometrial cancer; ER = estrogen receptor; FDA = Food and Drug Administration; GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone; IUD = intrauterine device; LNG = levonorgestrel; NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PR = progesterone receptor; SHBG = sex hormone-binding globulin gynecologic issues and conditions are prevalent in reproductive-age women. In the general population, more than 30% of reproductive-age women fulfill criteria for the diagnosis of menorrhagia, 6 25% have symptomatic fibroids, 7 and nearly 67% have an underlying uterine disorder with potential to cause abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). 8 Among premenopausal women with breast cancer, management of menstrual disorders, contraception, vasomotor symptoms, and fertility presents a challenge. Common and effective hormonal options are less well studied in this population because of significant concern about recurrence of breast cancer. Herein,we present the challenges and discuss management options for young women with breast cancer who present with various common gynecologic conditions.Articles for this review were identified by searching the PubMed database with no date limitations. PREMENoPAUSAL SEx STERoIDS AND THEIR PHARMACoLoGyPhysiologically, premenopausal women with regular cycles have cyclic variation in levels of estradiol (E2) (15-350 pg/ mL [to convert to pmol/L, multiply by 3.671]) and progesterone (0.2-27 ng/mL [to convert to nmol/L, multiply by 3.18]). These "free" (unbound) hormones are biologically active and can enter a target cell and activate its receptor.

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Section: Management Of Vulvovaginal Adverse Effects Attributable To Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the Gynecologic Care of Premenopausal Women With Breast Cancer

Bakkum-Gamez

Laughlin

Jensen

et al. 2011

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

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“…Clinical studies have demonstrated that estrogens are effective in relieving (post)menopausal vaginal discomfort (2); they induce proliferation of vaginal epithelium, and thus reestablish a normal appearance of the vaginal mucosa. Also, the local application of a moisturizing bioadhesive gel has been shown to be effective against vaginal discomfort (3,4). The vaginal smear provides an accurate estimate of the proliferative state of the vaginal epithelium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a computerized cytomorphometric method to assess the maturation of vaginal epithelial cells

et al. 1999

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“…36 Alternatively, nonhormonal lubrication has been shown to be of benefit, especially for dyspareunia and irritation. 37 Nonhormonal vaginal moisturisers are now available on prescription, which can be used for general comfort, not just for lubrication during intercourse.…”

Section: Treatment Of Genitourinary Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%