Replacing Copper with New Carbon Nanomaterials in Electrical Machine Windings

Pyrhönen, Juha; Montonen, Juho; Lindh, Pia; Vauterin, Johanna Julia; Otto, M.

doi:10.15866/iree.v10i1.5253

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Furthermore, there is no skin effect in CNTs, that is why they will have a better performance at high frequency application. In [13], for higher energy efficiency, a three phase 40 W, 15,000 RPM motor was designed using CNT concentrated windings, shown in Figure 2. In another application [14], a 5 hp coreless axial flux PM machine was designed using CNTs for lower windings losses.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Machines Winding Technology: Latest Advancements for Transportation Electrification

2022

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The ever-increasing demand for higher-power dense electrical machines has resulted in different electrical, mechanical, and thermal stresses, which can eventually cause machine failure. For this reason, the management of stresses and losses must be thoughtfully investigated to have a highly reliable electrical machine. The literature agrees that winding losses are the dominant loss mechanism in many electrical machines. However, statements vary on how to mitigate these losses along with the aforementioned stresses. To avoid winding failure, a study of the various winding topologies would allow for a better consideration of the challenges and limitations in the performance of different electrical machines. To this aim, this paper introduces a comprehensive review for different winding topologies. Many reported cases in the literature are summarized and compared. Moreover, the utilization of additive manufacturing (AM) in the production of the machine windings is presented, showing a high level of maturity of this emerging technology. Finally, different challenges facing the design of machine windings are introduced including the AC high frequency losses, thermal management, mechanical and acoustic problems, insulation aging, automated production, and winding manufacturability.

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Section: Carbon Nanotubementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Machines Winding Technology: Latest Advancements for Transportation Electrification

2022

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“…Figure 4(b) presents an electrical machine demonstrator with a carbon nanotube (CNT) winding [28]. Here, the authors fabricated the complete wire (bundle of conductors) by gluing individual CNTs to an aramid (Twaron) yarn.…”

Section: Winding Fabrication and Integrated Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Electrical Engineering

Wrobel

2022

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The continuous drive towards electrified propulsion systems has been imposing ever more demanding performance and cost targets for the future power electronics, machines and drives (PEMDs). This is particularly evident when exploring various technology road mapping documents both for automotive and aerospace industries, e.g. Advanced Propulsion Centre (APC) UK, Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI) UK, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) USA and others. In that context, a significant improvement of the specific performance and cost measures, e.g. power density increase by a factor of 10 or more and/or cost per power unit reduction by 50% or better, is forecasted for the next 5 to 15 years. However, the existing PEMD solutions are already at their technological limits to some degree. Consequently, meeting the performance and cost step change would require a considerable development effort. This paper is focused on electrical machines and their thermal management, which has been recognised as one of key enabling factors for delivering high specific output solutions. The challenges associated with heat removal in electrical machines are discussed in detail, alongside with new concepts of thermal management systems. Several examples from the available literature are presented. These include manufacturing techniques, new materials and novel integrated designs in application to electrical machines.

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“…Carbon nanotubes represent a promising candidate material, as carbon nanotube yarn can achieve three times the practical electrical conductivity of copper. Several motor designs replacing copper wiring with nanotubes have been published or piloted recently (Rallabandi et al 2016; U.S. Department of Energy 2018; Pyrhönen et al 2015). Non-zero resistance in motor windings results in a small amount of resistive waste heat within the motor.…”

Section: High Performance Conductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

U.S. Industrial and Commercial Motor System Market Assessment Report Volume 2: Advanced Motors and Drives Supply Chain Review

Newkirk

Rao

Sheaffer

2021

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This report begins with a brief technical overview of motor technologies and some specific components and materials needed for their manufacture, followed by a supply chain analysis of emerging motor and drive technologies. The scope of this analysis includes electric motors for low to medium voltage (~1-1000 horsepower [hp]), industrial applications such as conveyors, extruders, pumps, compressors, blowers, refrigerators, and commercial heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC). These stationary industrial and commercial electric motors account for 29% of total U.S. electrical energy use (Rao et al. 2021). Heavy industrial applications, including those from extractive industries (e.g., liquid natural gas pipeline compressors), are outside the scope of this report. Much of this review discusses the key resource inputs of these technologies.A key resource input refers to the most difficult-to-source component of a given motor. The focus on these key resource inputs informs which links in the supply chain are weakest. Note that sometimes key resource inputs are critical materials 1 or their derivatives, such as is the case of rare-earth permanent magnets, but in other cases, such as electrical steel, they are not. This report consists of two sections: a technical overview (Section 1) and a supply chain analysis (Section 2). There is some redundancy, to ensure that Section 2 does not require an exhaustive reading of Section 1.

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Replacing Copper with New Carbon Nanomaterials in Electrical Machine Windings

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Electrical Machines Winding Technology: Latest Advancements for Transportation Electrification

Electrical Machines Winding Technology: Latest Advancements for Transportation Electrification

Archives of Electrical Engineering

U.S. Industrial and Commercial Motor System Market Assessment Report Volume 2: Advanced Motors and Drives Supply Chain Review

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