Replacement of Thymidylic Acid by Deoxyuridylic Acid in the Deoxyribonucleic Acid of a Transducing Phage for Bacillus subtilis

Takahashi, I.; Marmur, Julius

doi:10.1038/197794a0

Cited by 227 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The only organisms so far known to have dU in their DNA are the Bacillus subtilisspecific bacteriophages PBS1 and PBS2 (Takahashi & Marmur, 1963).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yersiniophage ϕR1-37 is a tailed bacteriophage having a 270 kb DNA genome with thymidine replaced by deoxyuridine

et al. 2005

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Yersiniophage wR1-37 is a tailed bacteriophage having a 270 kb DNA genome with thymidine replaced by deoxyuridine Bacteriophage wR1-37 was isolated based on its ability to infect strain YeO3-R1, a virulenceplasmid-cured O antigen-negative derivative of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O : 3. In this study, the phage receptor was found to be a structure in the outer core hexasaccharide of Y. enterocolitica O : 3 LPS. The phage receptor was present in the outer core of strains of many other Y. enterocolitica serotypes, but also in some Yersinia intermedia strains. Surprisingly, the receptor structure resided in the O antigen of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O : 9. Electron microscopy demonstrated that wR1-37 particles have an icosahedral head of 88 nm, a short neck of 10 nm, a long contractile tail of 236 nm, and tail fibres of at least 86 nm. This implies that the phage belongs to the order Caudovirales and the family Myoviridae in the ICTV (International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses) classification. wR1-37 was found to have a lytic life cycle, with eclipse and latent periods of 40 and 50 min, respectively, and a burst size of~80 p.f.u. per infected cell. Restriction digestions and PFGE showed that the wR1-37 genome was dsDNA and~270 kb in size. Enzymically hydrolysed DNA was subjected to HPLC-MS/MS analysis, which demonstrated that the wR1-37 genome is composed of DNA in which thymidine (T) is >99 % replaced by deoxyuridine (dU). The only organisms known to have similar DNA are the Bacillus subtilis-specific bacteriophages PBS1 and PBS2. N-terminal amino acid sequences of four major structural proteins did not show any similarity to (viral) protein sequences in databases, indicating that close relatives of wR1- 37 have not yet been characterized. Genes for two of the structural proteins, p24 and p46, were identified from the partially sequenced wR1-37 genome. INTRODUCTIONYersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The species includes over 30 serotypes, a number of which are human pathogens (Wauters et al., 1991). While the major pathogenic serotypes in Europe, Canada, Japan and South Africa are O : 3 and O : 9; in the United States serotype O : 8 is more prevalent. Y. enterocolitica is widely distributed in nature, swine being the major reservoir of the pathogenic strains (Bottone, 1997).Bacteriophages are the most abundant organisms on Earth, and it is estimated that for each microbial isolate at least 10 different phages can be found (Hendrix, 2002;Pedulla et al., 2003). A number of phages infecting the members of the genus Yersinia have been isolated (Baker & Farmer, 1982;Popp et al., 2000;Stevenson & Airdrie, 1984), but relatively few have been characterized in more detail. Y. enterocolitica O : 3-specific phage wYeO3-12 has been shown to be closely related to Escherichia coli phages T3 and T7 (Pajunen et al., 2000(Pajunen et al., , 2001. Likewise, Yersinia pestis phage wA1122 was recently found to be a close relative of T7 (Garcia et al., 2003a). Bacteriophage...

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“…The only organisms so far known to have dU in their DNA are the Bacillus subtilisspecific bacteriophages PBS1 and PBS2 (Takahashi & Marmur, 1963).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yersiniophage ϕR1-37 is a tailed bacteriophage having a 270 kb DNA genome with thymidine replaced by deoxyuridine

et al. 2005

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“…Misincorporation of dUTP in place of dTTP occurs at high frequency in many organisms and can reach almost full substitution without inhibiting replication of some viruses (Takahashi and Marmur, 1963). dUTP incorporated in place of dTTP is not necessarily miscoding; for example, some bacterial viruses such as PBS1 and PBS2 from B. subtilis (Takahashi and Marmur, 1963) have evolved that tolerate full substitution of dUTP for dTTP in DNA. Furthermore, up to 90% substitution of dUTP for dTTP was demonstrated under conditions of limited growth in multiple mutants of Escherichia coli (el-Hajj et al, 1992).…”

Section: Fp-mediated Dna Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

A role for DNA mismatch repair in sensing and responding to fluoropyrimidine damage

et al. 2003

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“…One unit of activity releases 1 pmole/min of uracil from the DNA. PBS-2 DNA contains 36% uracil (16).…”

Section: Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human uracil DNA N-glycosidase: studies in normal and repair defective cultured fibroblasts

Kühnlein¹,

Lee²,

Linn³

1978

Nucl Acids Res

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Uracil DNA N-glycosidase, an enzyme which participates in the excision of uracil from DNA, was measured in extracts from fibroblast lines cultured from normal subjects, from several subjects with the genetic disease xeroderma pigmentosum, and from a subject with ataxia telangiectasia. The cell lines representative of compl ementati on groups A and D of xeroderma pigmentosum and of ataxia telangiectasia had roughly the same level of activity as did the normal cells. On the other hand, cells from two xeroderma pigmentosum variants (XP4BE and XP13BE) had roughly half the normal level of activity, and cells from the heterozygous mother of XP4BE had an intermediate level of activity. In spite of these quantitative differences, no systematic alterations in reaction characteristics, apparent Km for substrate, or purification characteristics were noted for enzyme from any of the lines. Thus a causal relationship, if any, between levels of activity and the disease symptoms is equivocal. INTRODUCTIONUrazil residues apparently can be introduced into DNA by two mechanisms: the spontaneous deamination of DNA-cytosine, or the incorporation of deoxyuridylate from dUTP in place of thymidylate during DNA synthesis. The deamination of cytosine can occur under physiological conditions (1,2) and would, of course, require correction in order to eliminate a resulting transition mutation. The incorporation of deoxyuridylate from dUTP might occur at a high frequency, but experimental evidence is indirect. First, dUTP is efficiently incorporated into DNA by DNA polymerase in vitro (3);

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Replacement of Thymidylic Acid by Deoxyuridylic Acid in the Deoxyribonucleic Acid of a Transducing Phage for Bacillus subtilis

Cited by 227 publications

References 7 publications

Yersiniophage ϕR1-37 is a tailed bacteriophage having a 270 kb DNA genome with thymidine replaced by deoxyuridine

Yersiniophage ϕR1-37 is a tailed bacteriophage having a 270 kb DNA genome with thymidine replaced by deoxyuridine

A role for DNA mismatch repair in sensing and responding to fluoropyrimidine damage

Human uracil DNA N-glycosidase: studies in normal and repair defective cultured fibroblasts

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