Replacement of Fish Meal with a Combination of Fermented Fish and Soybean Meal in the Diet of Juvenile Asian Seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790)

Abstract

Recently, aquafeed research has been directed towards the utilization of less expensive renewable ingredients in fish feeds due to concerns about the future availability of fish meal (FM). Soybean meal (SBM) is considered the most ideal replacement for FM. However, some studies have reported that high inclusion levels of SBM can reduce weight gain and feed efficiency, especially in carnivorous fish and shrimp (