Repetitive vocalizations evoked by local electrical stimulation of avian brains I. Awake chickens (Gallus gallus)

Phillips, Richard E.; Youngren, Orlan M.; Peek, Frank W.

doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(72)80141-6

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…7 The midbrain also includes a variety of tegmental sites that are important for social behavior. These include a vocally-active tegmental field that lies lateral to the PAG and medial to the auditory torus/ inferior colliculus (Phillips et al, 1972;Kennedy, 1975;Jürgens, 1994;Goodson and Bass, 2002) in all classes except Amphibia, in which a comparable vocal site is located at isthmal levels (Wetzel et al, 1985). Other selected references : Northcutt, 1981;Bruce and Neary, 1995;Balthazart et al, 1996;Panzica et al, 1996;Wong, 1997;Coolen and Wood, 1998;Lanuza and Halpern, 1998;Nieuwenhuys et al, 1998;Cheng et al, 1999;Goodson and Bass, 2000c;Dong et al, 2001;Petrovich et al, 2001;Goodson et al, 2003;Moreno and Gonzalez, 2003;Dong and Swanson, 2004;Goodson et al, 2004a;Rink and Wullimann, 2004;…”

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confidence: 99%

The vertebrate social behavior network: Evolutionary themes and variations

Goodson

2005

Hormones and Behavior

714

647

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Based on a wide variety of data, it is now clear that the brains of birds and teleost (bony) fish possess a core "social behavior network" within the basal forebrain and midbrain that is homologous to the social behavior network of mammals. The nodes of this network are reciprocally connected, contain receptors for sex steroid hormones, and are involved in multiple forms of social behavior. Other hodological features and neuropeptide distributions are likewise very similar across taxa. This evolutionary conservation represents a boon for experiments on phenotypic behavioral variation, as the extraordinary social diversity of teleost fish and songbirds can now be used to generate broadly relevant insights into issues of brain function that are not particularly tractable in other vertebrate groups. Two such lines of research are presented here, each of which addresses functional variation within the network as it relates to divergent patterns of social behavior. In the first set of experiments, we have used a sexually polymorphic fish to demonstrate that natural selection can operate independently on hypothalamic neuroendocrine functions that are relevant for 1) gonadal regulation and 2) sex-typical behavioral modulation. In the second set of experiments, we have exploited the diversity of avian social organizations and ecologies to isolate species-typical group size as a quasiindependent variable. These experiments have shown that specific areas and peptidergic components of the social behavior network possess functional properties that evolve in parallel with divergence and convergence in sociality. Keywords sociality; aggression; sexual behavior; communication; vocalization; arginine vasopressin; arginine vasotocin; isotocin; mesotocin; oxytocin; fish; bird; bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; amygdala; lateral septum; anterior hypothalamus; ventromedial hypothalamus; preoptic area; periaqueductal gray; nucleus intercollicularis; c-fos; egr-1; ZenkThe research program described below is designed to address two major goals. The first of these goals is to elucidate evolutionary themes in the neuroendocrine, functional, and connectional organization of brain circuits that regulate social behavior. This will provide a phylogenetically broad framework for examining the neural and neuroendocrine mechanisms of behavior, and will allow detailed and meaningful comparisons to be made across the major vertebrate classes. Building upon this foundation, the second primary goal is to capitalize on the extraordinary behavioral diversity of birds and teleost (bony) fish to elucidate the ways that neural and neuroendocrine mechanisms are adjusted over evolutionary time to produce intraspecific and interspecific variation in behavior. If conducted within a well-characterized, comparative framework, these findings obtained in birds and fish should yield solid predictions for other vertebrates as well. Thus, our work addresses evolutionary themes, as described in the first section below, and variations on those themes, as...

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confidence: 99%

The vertebrate social behavior network: Evolutionary themes and variations

Goodson

2005

Hormones and Behavior

714

647

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“…Unilateral MCR lesions have little or no effect on vocalizations oth er than song, so lack of disruption of song is not unique. In addition we have extensive behavioral [Phillips et al, 1972;Phillips and Youn gren, 1974] and electrophysiological evidence that the two sides of the midbrain interact very closely, and so might readily deal with unilateral damage. Furthermore, unilateral MCR-ESB readily activates both ipsiand contralateral units in the medulla.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern Generator for Repetitive Avian Vocalization: Preliminary Localization and Functional Characterization

Phillips¹,

Youngren²

1976

Brain Behav Evol

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Electrical stimulation of the midbrain call areas was used to drive medullary neurons. Their activity was recorded with fine (25 µm) wire electrodes that allowed the nearer ones to be resolved as units. Syringeal (hypoglossal) motor-neurons were identified by antidromic activation. Various units were turned on, speeded, slowed, stopped, or caused to fire in repetitive bursts. All units that were antidromically activated by hypoglossal stimulation fired in repetitive bursts with a rhythm which closely resembled that of calling. Many other units also fired in this bursting pattern, and the large majority of them were found at the obex or caudal to it despite extensive search rostrally. The nature of likely inputs to the medullary call neurons is discussed.

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“…Innate vocalizations in birds similarly depend on homologous areas in the hypothalamus, and midbrain as well as on the amygdaloid portion of the archistriatum [Phillips, 1964;Brown, 1971;Newman, 1972;Phillips et al, 1972].…”

Section: Changes In Vocal Control Nuclei In Each Period Of Call Develmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoarchitecture of Vocal Control Nuclei in Nestling Budgerigars: Relationships to Call Development

et al. 1999

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Changes in the cytoarchitecture of vocal control nuclei were investigated in nestling budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) from hatching to fledging (five to six weeks) in relation to changes in vocalizations produced by nestlings during this period. The nuclei investigated were the hypoglossal nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus of the intercollicular midbrain, central nucleus of the archistriatum, central nucleus of the lateral neostriatum, oval nucleus of the hyperstriatum ventrale, medial division of the oval nucleus of the anterior neostriatum, and magnocellular nucleus of the lobus parolfactorius. These nuclei have been shown to form functional circuits in adults related to vocal learning. Consistent with previously reported results, we found that call development could be described in terms of five different phases based on changes in the duration and segmentation of single and multiple segment foodbegging calls and the appearance of the first socially learned contact calls around the time of fledging. We also found that call segment duration exhibited an inverted U-shaped developmental function during the nestling period, as has been found for total call duration. Cytoarchitectonic studies revealed striking changes in the cellular architecture of vocal control nuclei during the first four weeks posthatching. At hatching the hypoglossal nucleus exhibits adult-like cytoarchitecture, and the central nucleus of the archistriatum and the central nucleus of the lateral neostriatum are distinguishable from surrounding fields. By one week posthatch, the central nucleus of the archistriatum exhibits an adult-like appearance, while other telencephalic vocal control nuclei do not exhibit adult-like cytoarchitecture until three to four weeks posthatching. By two weeks posthatching, the dorsomedial nucleus of the intercollicular midbrain also exhibits adult-like cytoarchitecture. We observed substantial decreases in the thickness of ventricular proliferation zones during this period, with decreases in ventricular zones occurring at about the same point that nuclei at corresponding levels come to exhibit adult-like cytoarchitectonic features. Of interest is the fact that cytoarchitectural development occurs asynchronously in different brain regions, with the appearance of adult-like characteristics in the hindbrain and midbrain occurring before the appearance of adult-like cytoarchitectonic characteristics in telencephalic nuclei. These results are consistent with recent lesion studies indicating that neither auditory feedback nor telencephalic vocal control nuclei are necessary for the production of foodbegging and other nestling calls until three to four weeks posthatching.

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Repetitive vocalizations evoked by local electrical stimulation of avian brains I. Awake chickens (Gallus gallus)

Cited by 52 publications

References 14 publications

The vertebrate social behavior network: Evolutionary themes and variations

The vertebrate social behavior network: Evolutionary themes and variations

Pattern Generator for Repetitive Avian Vocalization: Preliminary Localization and Functional Characterization

Cytoarchitecture of Vocal Control Nuclei in Nestling Budgerigars: Relationships to Call Development

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