“…The burden of mood and stress‐related disorders on both individuals and society has been assuming alarming proportions for decades, yet relatively little progress is being made regarding treatment efficacy. Although noninvasive brain stimulation techniques such as (repetitive) transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have been showing promising effects on stress regulation and mood improvement in both neuroscientific as well as clinical contexts (Baeken et al, 2019; Blumberger et al, 2018b; Chen, Chang, Chen, & Lin, 2013; Lefaucheur et al, 2020), a growing number of studies report substantial interindividual variability in responsiveness toward TMS, as its working mechanisms are not yet fully understood (Kapur, Phillips, & Insel, 2012; López‐Alonso, Cheeran, Río‐Rodríguez, & Fernández‐del‐Olmo, 2014). Inconsistencies in responsiveness may reflect individual differences in neurophysiological processes underlying its mechanisms on the stress response.…”