Repetitive Negative Thinking, Temperament, and Adverse Impact in Adults Who Stutter

Abstract

Purpose Prior research has explored how repetitive negative thinking (RNT) contributes to both the increased persistence and severity of various disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. This study explored the potential role of RNT in the experience of stuttering, with a particular focus on the relationship between RNT, adverse impact, and certain temperament profiles. Method Three hundred thirteen adults who stutter completed a measurement of the frequency/severity of RNT (Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire; Ehring et al., 2011 ), 207 completed a temperament profile (Adult Temperament Questionnaire; Evans & Rothbart, 2007 ), and 205 completed a measurement of adverse stuttering impact (Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering; Yaruss & Quesal, 2016 ). Analyses were conducted within and across instruments to ascertain how RNT, temperament markers, and adverse impact interrelate within individuals. Results Results indicated that RNT significantly predicts Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering impact scores with great effect and that certain temperament markers (specifically, Effortful Control and Negative Affectivity) moderate this relationship for specific sections of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Conclusion By assessing RNT in people who stutter, clinicians can better understand individual differences in their clients, and this will allow them to make targeted diagnoses and develop more tailored intervention plans.

Speech-language therapists' approach towards adults who stutter in Turkey: which components are important for therapeutic alliance and comprehensive assessment?

“…At this point, it can be thought that the SLT subjectively examine this situation during the assessment. Although the standard scale is not used, the SLT care about quality of life, psychosocial influences, resilience and temperament differences, emotion regulation skills and AWS's beliefs about stuttering and this situation seems to be compatible with the current literature (Beilby et al, 2013;Craig, Blumgart, & Tran, 2009, 2011Lucey, Evans, & Maxfield, 2019;Tichenor & Yaruss, 2020;Tran, Blumgart, & Craig, 2018) In recent years, it is seen that the importance of family and life partners' factors has been emphasized in AWS (Beilby et al, 2013;Nang et al, 2018;Svenning et al, 2021). Participants in our study did not frequently include relatives of AWS in therapy.…”

“…The survey was created by considering the items in the Communication Attitude Test (CAT, Cooper & Cooper, 1996) and other articles in the literature (Al-Khaledi et al, 2014;Cooper & Cooper, 1996;Davidson Thompson et al, 2009;Lee, 2014;Maviş et al, 2013). Further, a literature review has been made for the psychosocial characteristics, current assessments, and therapy methods of AWS (Beilby, Byrnes, & Yaruss, 2012;Boyle 2011;Cangi & Toğram, 2020;Lucey, Evans, & Maxfield, 2019;Messenger et al, 2004;Nicolai et al, 2018;Tichenor & Yaruss, 2020;Tran, Blumgart, & Craig, 2018). After the literature review, an item pool was created by the researchers in this study.…”

“…There are several studies that support the adverse effects in psychosocial characteristics, resilience skills, quality of life and emotional regulation in Adults Who Stutter (AWS) (Chu et al, 2020;Croft & Byrd, 2020;Nicolai et al, 2018;Tran, Blumgart, & Craig, 2018). Temperament differences are also important in AWS and impact the quality of life (Lucey, Evans, & Maxfield, 2019;Tichenor & Yaruss, 2020). Additionally, AWS are disadvantaged in aspects such as education, employment, and may have social anxiety and low self-esteem (Crichton-Smith, 2002;Messenger et al, 2004).…”

Manual response inhibition and quality of life in adults who stutter

“…That is, the experiences of adults who stutter may negatively influence speech motor control (Alm, 2004;Alm 2014) and speech production (Tichenor & Yaruss, 2018). In this case, adverse impact, a result of stuttering throughout the individual's life as measured by the OASES (Tichenor & Yaruss, 2020), may be related to inhibition efficiency.…”

Dimensions of Temperament in Adults With Chronic Stuttering in the Light of I. P. Pavlov’s Theories

“…Certain temperament traits have been shown to cause delayed speech development and other speech disorders (Eisenberg et al, 2004;Hauner et al, 2005). Many authors claim that temperament as a whole, as well as its individual dimensions, may be a factor contributing both to the development and maintenance of stuttering (Anderson et al, 2003;Guitar, 2003;Howell et al, 2008;Tichenor & Yaruss, 2020). Some of these dimensions are: excessive focus of attention, difficulty in dealing with emotions, low tolerance to frustration (Riley & Ingham, 2000).…”