Repetitions Versus Retransmissions: Tradeoff in Configuring NB-IoT Random Access Channels

Harwahyu, Ruki; Cheng, Ray-Guang; Tsai, Wei‐Jern; Hwang, Jeng-Kuang; Bianchi, Giuseppe

doi:10.1109/jiot.2019.2891366

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, several investigations and solutions have been proposed in the literature. The author in [91] has emphasized the power consumption challenge faced when the eNB received superimposes NPRACH preambles from massive connectivity of multiple users [92] and the different repetitions of preambles for different coverage areas [93] per transmission over channel probabilities due to collision. The authors have analyzed the increment in the average energy consumed, compared to the increase in the number of repetitions, and they propose a novel power-efficient RAP (PE-RAP) to reduce the power consumed by NB-IoT devices in a highly congested environment.…”

Section: Random Access Procedures (Rap)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Upon NB-IoT Networks: A Roadmap Towards 5G New Radio Networks

Hancke

Abu‐Mahfouz

2020

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a type of low-power wide-area (LPWA) technology standardized by the 3 rd-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and based on long-term evolution (LTE) functionalities. NB-IoT has attracted significant interest from the research community due to its support for massive machine-type communication (mMTC) and various IoT use cases that have stringent specifications in terms of connectivity, energy efficiency, reachability, reliability, and latency. However, as the capacity requirements for different IoT use cases continue to grow, the various functionalities of the LTE evolved packet core (EPC) system may become overladen and inevitably suboptimal. Several research efforts are ongoing to meet these challenges; consequently, we present an overview of these efforts, mainly focusing on the Open System Interconnection (OSI) layer of the NB-IoT framework. We present an optimized architecture of the LTE EPC functionalities, as well as further discussion about the 3GPP NB-IoT standardization and its releases. Furthermore, the possible 5G architectural design for NB-IoT integration, the enabling technologies required for 5G NB-IoT, the 5G NR coexistence with NB-IoT, and the potential architectural deployment schemes of NB-IoT with cellular networks are introduced. In this article, a description of cloud-assisted relay with backscatter communication, a comprehensive review of the technical performance properties and channel communication characteristics from the perspective of the physical (PHY) and medium-access control (MAC) layer of NB-IoT, with a focus on 5G, are presented. The different limitations associated with simulating these systems are also discussed. The enabling market for NB-IoT, the benefits for a few use cases, and possible critical challenges related to their deployment are also included. Finally, present challenges and open research directions on the PHY and MAC properties, as well as the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of NB-IoT, are presented to foster the prospective research activities.

show abstract

Section: Random Access Procedures (Rap)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Upon NB-IoT Networks: A Roadmap Towards 5G New Radio Networks

Hancke

Abu‐Mahfouz

2020

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3: RACH success probability for three CE groups versus γ th in the 1st time slot Fig. 3 plots the RACH success probability of a randomly chosen IoT device in the three CE groups in the 1st time slot using (18) and (27) versus the SINR threshold for various repetition values. We first observe a good match between the analysis and the simulation results, which validates the accuracy of the developed mathematical framework.…”

Section: Simulation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theorem 1. The RACH success probability of a randomly chosen IoT device in the CE group 0 in the 1st time slot is derived in (18) at the top of this page with F 0 given in (17).…”

Section: General Single Time Slot Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, previous results in LTE systems cannot be directly applied to NB-IoT due to its unique characteristics, including transmission repetition, three CE groups configuration, frequency hopping, and etc. The authors in [18] investigated a tradeoff between repetition of preambles in NB-IoT and their retransmission for the RACH procedure in an NB-IoT system with single CE group. The capacity limits of RACH for LTE-based IoT and NB-IoT services were studied in [19] and [20], respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of Random Access in NB-IoT Networks With Three Coverage Enhancement Groups: A Stochastic Geometry Approach

Yan

Deng

Jiang

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

NarrowBand-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a new 3GPP radio access technology designed to provide better coverage for Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) networks. To provide reliable connections with extended coverage, a repetition transmission scheme and up to three Coverage Enhancement (CE) groups are introduced into NB-IoT during both Random Access CHannel (RACH) procedure and data transmission procedure, where each CE group is configured with different repetition values and transmission resources. To characterize the RACH performance of the NB-IoT network with three CE groups, this paper develops a novel traffic-aware spatio-temporal model to analyze the RACH success probability, where both the preamble transmission outage and the collision events of each CE group jointly determine the traffic evolution and the RACH success probability. Based on this analytical model, we derive the analytical expression for the RACH success probability of a randomly chosen IoT device in each CE group over multiple time slots with different RACH schemes, including baseline, back-off (BO), access class barring (ACB), and hybrid ACB and BO schemes (ACB&BO). Our results have shown that the RACH success probabilities of the devices in three CE groups outperform that of a single CE group network but not for all the groups, which is affected by the choice of the categorizing parameters.This mathematical model and analytical framework can be applied to evaluate the performance of multiple group users of other networks with spatial separations.

show abstract

“…Analytical models of IoT systems have been developed for specific application use cases, like management [26], opportunistic crowd sensing in vehicular scenarios [27], or ambient backscatter devices [28]. Other works have presented theoretical models for the study of networking aspects such as the performance of middleware protocols [29], implemented between the application and the transport layer, or of the random access procedure in NB-IoT [30], [31]. Note, however, that none of the above works investigates the critical role of the EPC control plane in IoT-based systems; indeed few studies exist on the characterization of the overhead and service delay when the EPC handles massive IoT data traffic.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Delay and Control Traffic of the Cellular MME With IoT Support

Vitale

Chiasserini

Malandrino

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. on Mobile Comput.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the main use cases for advanced cellular networks is represented by massive Internet-of-things (MIoT), i.e., an enormous number of IoT devices that transmit data toward the cellular network infrastructure. To make cellular MIoT a reality, data transfer and control procedures specifically designed for the support of IoT are needed. For this reason, 3GPP has introduced the Control Plane Cellular IoT optimization, which foresees a simplified bearer instantiation, with the Mobility Management Entity (MME) handling both control and data traffic. The performance of the MME has therefore become critical, and properly scaling its computational capability can determine the ability of the whole network to tackle MIoT effectively. In particular, considering virtualized networks and the need for an efficient allocation of computing resources, it is paramount to characterize the MME performance as the MIoT traffic load changes. We address this need by presenting compact, closed-form expressions linking the number of IoT sources with the rate at which bearers are requested, and such a rate with the delay incurred by the IoT data. We show that our analysis, supported by testbed experiments and verified through largescale simulations, represents a valuable tool to make effective scaling decisions in virtualized cellular core networks.

show abstract

Repetitions Versus Retransmissions: Tradeoff in Configuring NB-IoT Random Access Channels

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

Building Upon NB-IoT Networks: A Roadmap Towards 5G New Radio Networks

Building Upon NB-IoT Networks: A Roadmap Towards 5G New Radio Networks

Analysis of Random Access in NB-IoT Networks With Three Coverage Enhancement Groups: A Stochastic Geometry Approach

Characterizing Delay and Control Traffic of the Cellular MME With IoT Support

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About