“…6) Within the oscillation window, the stable operation of the FIEO is observed, and oscillation properties including the oscillation frequency linearly respond to several external stimuli such as external resistance, capacitance, heat, etc. 6,12,13,16,17) Beyond the window (for example, at large V S ), the VO 2 film of the device turns into the metallic state, which causes Joule heating and disappearance of capacitive components in the film.…”