Repetition and recency increases involuntary musical imagery of previously unfamiliar songs

Byron, Tim; Fowles, Lucinda C.

doi:10.1177/0305735613511506

Cited by 38 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The resulting Baseline of 65% INMI induction rate compares favorably to the rates reported in direct paradigms, which include 65% (Floridou et al, 2012) and 75% (Hyman et al, 2013). An exception to this pattern is the 32% direct induction rate obtained by Byron and Fowles (2013). This discrepancy could be attributed to experimental design.…”

Section: Inmi Occurrencementioning

confidence: 87%

“…So far, three studies that have attempted to induce INMI in the laboratory have reported their induction rates, indicating, for the most part, that INMI can be triggered easily in the majority of people (32% induction rate, Byron & Fowles, 2013;65%, Floridou, Williamson, & Müllensiefen, 2012;75%, Hyman et al, 2013). Floridou et al (2012) compared two INMI induction procedures, namely music exposure and memory triggers, where participants were asked to complete written missing song lyrics.…”

Section: This Finding Accords Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This discrepancy could be attributed to experimental design. The present study probed for INMI while participants were still in the lab (as in Floridou et al, 2012 andHyman et al, 2013) while Byron and Fowles' (2013) conditions. Finally, our third measure of INMI duration also showed a significant negative linear trend with increasing cognitive load.…”

Section: Inmi Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Indirect Method for Capturing Involuntary Musical Imagery under Varying Cognitive Load

Floridou

Williamson

2017

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Involuntary musical imagery (INMI), i.e the internal experience of a repetitive musical fragment, is one of the most ubiquitous forms of spontaneous cognition. Findings regarding the relationship between INMI and cognitive load are conflicting. In the present study, 200 participants watched and evaluated two non-dialogue, music-only film trailers. Subsequently, they either closed their eyes for 5 min (baseline), or engaged in one of three dot tasks of varying challenge and attentional demand (low, medium, and high cognitive load). Finally, they completed a novel “Mind Activity Questionnaire”, which allows for indirect INMI sampling rather than direct questioning. The same questionnaire was completed 24 hours later. Overall, a significant negative linear trend was found. At baseline, 65% of people reported experiencing INMI. This rate decreased to 32.5% in the low load condition with further reductions observed in the medium and high conditions, which did not differ significantly from each other. INMI frequency and duration followed the same pattern as the induction rates. In the 24-hour follow-up, 21% of participants reported INMI experiences. This study supports the hypothesis that INMI occurrence, frequency, and duration relate to spare cognitive capacity and demonstrates an ecologically valid laboratory paradigm for covertly inducing and documenting INMI experiences.

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Section: Inmi Occurrencementioning

confidence: 87%

Section: This Finding Accords Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inmi Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Indirect Method for Capturing Involuntary Musical Imagery under Varying Cognitive Load

Floridou

Williamson

2017

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…For instance, Byron and Fowles (2013) reported that previously unfamiliar songs were more likely to become INMI if participants were exposed to them six rather than two times, thereby suggesting a role of familiarity in the INMI experience.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Familiarity can also increase the likelihood that a song will become INMI. Byron and Fowles (2013) found that participants who were exposed to a previously unfamiliar song six times were more likely to experience …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting an earworm: Melodic features and song popularity predict involuntary musical imagery.

Jakubowski¹,

Finkel²,

Stewart³

et al. 2017

Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

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Citation for published item:tkuowskiD uF nd pinkelD F nd tewrtD vF nd w¤ ullensiefenD hF @PHITA 9hisseting n erworm X melodi fetures nd song populrity predit involuntry musil imgeryF9D syhology of esthetisD retivityD nd the rtsFD Q F Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. The reason this question is so difficult to answer may reside with the fact that the likelihood of a tune becoming INMI is potentially influenced by a wide array of both intra-musical (e.g., musical features and lyrics of a song) and extra-musical factors (e.g., radio play, context in which it appears as INMI, previous personal associations with a song, and the individual cognitive availability of a song). The present research examines some of these previously unaddressed factors by examining the musical features of and popularity (e.g., chart position, recency of being featured in the charts) of songs frequently reported as INMI. Related Previous Research on INMISeveral researchers have examined extra-musical features that increase the likelihood that a song will become INMI. Lab-based studies have found that the song that has beenInvoluntary musical imagery 4 heard aloud most recently is more likely to become INMI than a song heard less recently (Hyman et al., 2013;Liikkanen, 2012b), and recent exposure to a tune is generally the most frequently reported trigger of INMI experiences in diary and questionnaire studies (Bailes, 2015;Floridou & Müllensiefen, 2015;Hemming, 2009;Jakubowski, Farrugia, Halpern, Sankarpandi, & Stewart, 2015;. Familiarity can also increase the likelihood that a song will become INMI. Byron and Fowles (2013) found that participants who were exposed to a previously unfamiliar song six times were more likely to experience

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Can’t Get You Out of My Head: Hooks and Psychology

Byron

O’Regan

2022

Hooks in Popular Music

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Repetition and recency increases involuntary musical imagery of previously unfamiliar songs

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

A Novel Indirect Method for Capturing Involuntary Musical Imagery under Varying Cognitive Load

A Novel Indirect Method for Capturing Involuntary Musical Imagery under Varying Cognitive Load

Dissecting an earworm: Melodic features and song popularity predict involuntary musical imagery.

Can’t Get You Out of My Head: Hooks and Psychology

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