Repercussions of plagiocephaly on posture, muscle flexibility and balance in children aged 3–5 years old

Cabrera‐Martos, Irene; Valenza, Marie Carmen; Valenza-Demet, Gerald; Benítez-Feliponi, Ángela; Robles-Vizcaíno, C.; Ruiz-Extremera, Ángeles

doi:10.1111/jpc.13155

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This poor postural stability affects the efficiency of movement, and infants will tend to either posture with the chin flexed and trunk rounded or hyperextend the neck and elevate the shoulders (ie, park the head) in order to stabilize and maintain balance. 19 - 23 These postures cause less variability in the infant’s movement, which limits their interaction with their environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helmet Treatment of Infants With Deformational Brachycephaly

Kelly

Joganic²,

Beals³

et al. 2018

Global Pediatric Health

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Deformation of the cranium in infancy represents a spectrum of deformity, ranging from severe asymmetric yet proportional distortion of the skull in plagiocephaly, to nearly symmetric yet disproportional distortion in brachycephaly. As such, the condition is best described as deformational plagiocephaly-brachycephaly with isolated plagiocephaly and/or isolated brachycephaly being at either ends of the spectrum. Due to its symmetric appearance, deformational brachycephaly is often incorrectly dismissed as being less concerning, and it has sometimes erroneously been reported that brachycephaly cannot be treated successfully with a cranial orthosis. We prospectively report on 4205 infants with isolated deformational brachycephaly treated with a cranial orthosis from 2013 to 2017. These results demonstrate that the orthosis is successful in the treatment of deformational brachycephaly with an 81.4% improvement toward normal (95.0 to 89.4) in cephalic index. We furthermore demonstrate that entrance age influences treatment results, with younger infants demonstrating both improved outcomes and shorter treatment times.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helmet Treatment of Infants With Deformational Brachycephaly

Kelly

Joganic²,

Beals³

et al. 2018

Global Pediatric Health

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“…The study found that the proposed MSR angular analysis can negate the effects of anthropometric characteristics without changing testing procedures and testing devices. Since children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy [ 20 ] and with a history of plagiocephaly [ 21 ] have been reported to have poor flexibility, it can be considered that such an MSR angular analysis might have good application prospects in children with typical or atypical development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Distance and Angular Analysis for Measurement of Hamstring Flexibility in Preschoolers

et al. 2022

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The study aimed to (1) investigate the reliability and usefulness of a proposed angular analysis during a modified sit-and-reach (MSR) test, and (2) compare the proposed MSR angular analysis and the commonly used MSR distance to verify the influence of the anthropometric characteristics in preschoolers. 194 preschoolers participated in the study. Before testing, the anthropometric characteristics were collected. Each participant performed the MSR test twice. The MSR distance score was obtained from the starting point to the reaching point, while the MSR angle score was calculated according to the approximate hip flexion angle. Both the relative and absolute reliability were good for the angular analysis during an MSR test in preschoolers (ICC ranging from 0.82 to 0.91, CV% ranging from 8.21 to 9.40). The angular analysis demonstrated good usefulness, with a lower typical error than the smallest worthwhile change in 3- and 5-year-old groups. The MSR angle scores could eliminate the concern of the influence of anthropometric characteristics, while MSR distance and anthropometric characteristics (i.e., sitting height and arm length) were found to be weakly correlated. In conclusion, the angular analysis when performing the MSR test is reliable and appears to eliminate the concern regarding the limb length bias.

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“…Children with PP are more likely to develop a number of conditions such as postural compensations [9], muscle flexibility and balance alterations [10], visual dysfunctions [11], temporomandibular dysfunctions [12], mandibular and occlusal asymmetries [13], neurodevelopmental alterations [14,15], lower cognitive and academic results [16] and language adquisition deficit [17]. In addition, the literature has shown that congenital torticollis is the disorder which is most frequently associated to plagiocephaly [18,19] and that the consequent restriction of cervical spine rotation to one side is associated to the positional preference of the head during lying [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of pediatric integrative manual therapy in cervical movement limitation in infants with positional plagiocephaly: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2021

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Background Positional plagiocephaly (PP) is a cranial deformation frequent amongst children and consisting in a flattened and asymmetrical head shape. PP is associated with excessive time in supine and with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). Few studies have evaluated the efficiency of a manual therapy approach in PP. The purpose of this parallel randomized controlled trial is to compare the effectiveness of adding a manual therapy approach to a caregiver education program focusing on active rotation range of motion (AROM) and neuromotor development in a PP pediatric sample. Methods Thirty-four children with PP and less than 28 week-old were randomly distributed into two groups. AROM and neuromotor development with Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) were measured. The evaluation was performed by an examiner, blinded to the randomization of the subjects. A pediatric integrative manual therapy (PIMT) group received 10-sessions involving manual therapy and a caregiver education program. Manual therapy was addressed to the upper cervical spine to mobilize the occiput, atlas and axis. The caregiver educational program consisted in exercises to reduce the positional preference and to stimulate motor development. The control group received the caregiver education program exclusively. To compare intervention effectiveness across the groups, improvement indexes of AROM and AIMS were calculated using the difference of the final measurement values minus the baseline measurement values. If the distribution was normal, the improvement indexes were compared using the Student t-test for independent samples; if not, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. The effect size of the interventions was calculated using Cohen’s d. Results All randomized subjects were analysed. After the intervention, the PIMT group showed a significantly higher increase in rotation (29.68 ± 18.41°) than the control group (6.13 ± 17.69°) (p = 0.001). Both groups improved the neuromotor development but no statistically significant differences were found. No harm was reported during the study. Conclusion The PIMT intervention program was more effective in increasing AROM than using only a caregiver education program. The study has been retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov, with identification number NCT03659032. Registration date: September 1, 2018.

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Repercussions of plagiocephaly on posture, muscle flexibility and balance in children aged 3–5 years old

Abstract: Children with previous history of non-synostotic plagiocephaly present changes in head position, muscle shortening and a poor balance when compared to control children at 3-5 years old.

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Helmet Treatment of Infants With Deformational Brachycephaly

Helmet Treatment of Infants With Deformational Brachycephaly

Comparison of Distance and Angular Analysis for Measurement of Hamstring Flexibility in Preschoolers

Effectiveness of pediatric integrative manual therapy in cervical movement limitation in infants with positional plagiocephaly: a randomized controlled trial

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