Myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism (together called ametropia) are the top causes of vision impairement worldwide. Refractive surgery, surgical modification of refractive surfaces in the eye, are prominent solutions for treating ametropia. This study made a summary of the risks (poor refractive outcomes of either high residual ametropia after surgery or the postoperative development of refractive errors) and complications associated with seven refractive surgery procedures for ametropia. Risks and complications were summarized and discussed in categorized form, the incidence of each undesirable outcome in percent, rather than in quantified form, the severity of occurrence on average, help readers to identify the chances of undesirable results directly. The incidence of risks and complications were also stratified based on related factors, depending on the availability of data. Brief descriptions and analyses of the results of data summaries were included at the beginning of the discussion of the risks and complications of each refractive surgery procedure; specific data was also included to allow for comparison. In general, laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), laser-assisted sub-epithelium keratomileusis (LASEK), and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure were found to yield few undesirable outcomes, while all seven procedures were crucial for the system of solutions for refractive errors.