“…Another macro-categorisation of financial development literature focussed on the determinants of financial development such as the role of institutions such as creditor rights protection (Adeleye et al, 2017;Farla, 2014;Singh, & Huang, 2015), information sharing and financial deepening (Sahay et al, 2015); the role of ICT adoption on financial deepening in Africa (Asongu & Nwachukwu, 2017;Chithralega & Varalakshmi, 2016); outside Africa (Darrat & Al-Sowaldi, 2010;Iscan, 2012;Gadamsetty, 2013;Abosedra & Fakih, 2014;Bansal, 2014;Ho et al, 2017); which all missed out the existence of ICT-innovation interaction and its relationship as a significant macro and micro determinant of financial development. Asongu and Nwachukwu (2017) investigated the role of internet and mobile phone penetration (ICT adoption measures) in complementing financial formalisation and 'in-formalisation' (financial sector development) in improving financial access in Africa using evidence based on generalised method of moments with 53 African countries for the period 2004 À 2011 to establish some findings.…”