Repellent Odour in Aphids

Kislow, C. J.; Edwards, Lawrence

doi:10.1038/235108a0

Cited by 193 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This is likely to greatly enhance their chances of locating an aphid that has been caught and is being eaten by one of their sibs. That is, the alarm pheromone that serves to warn other aphids of the presence of natural enemies (Dahl 1971;Kislow & Edwards 1972) is also used by young ladybird larvae to locate aphid prey. As a larva's first meal is a critical determinant of its survival to the second instar (Dixon 1959), this social feeding on an aphid corpse is clearly adaptive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social feeding in ladybird beetles: adaptive significance and mechanism

Hemptinne¹,

Gaudin

Dixon

et al. 2000

Chemoecology

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Summary. Young larvae of Adalia bipunctata search an area more intensively when exposed to the odour from other larvae feeding on aphids than when exposed only to the odour of aphids. In an olfactometer young larvae were significantly attracted either to the odour of crushed aphids or larvae feeding on aphids, but not to that of aphids, larvae, larvae plus aphids or larvae feeding on an artificial diet. That is, the change in searching behaviour appears in response to a volatile released by aphids when attacked. The odour released by crushed aphids is made up entirely of aphid alarm pheromone, b-farnesene. It is likely that the adaptive significance of this response is that it increases the ability of larvae to locate larvae that have already caught prey. By sharing the aphid kill of another larva it is likely that a first instar ladybird larva greatly increases its probability of surviving to the next instar. It is suggested that this social feeding is facilitated by egg clustering, which also may additionally account for why aphidophagous ladybirds lay their eggs in clusters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social feeding in ladybird beetles: adaptive significance and mechanism

Hemptinne¹,

Gaudin

Dixon

et al. 2000

Chemoecology

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“…Escape is facilitated by the rapid solidification of t h e cornicle droplet and the resulting immobilization of the attacking predator or parasitoid (Miyazaki 1987). Furthermore, i t w a s reported that green peach aphids (Myxus pe~sicae Sulzer) are repelled by the "odour" of droplets released from the cornicles of crushed aphids of the same species (Kislow and Edwards 1972). Subsequently it was found that t h e sesquiterpene hydrocarbon E-b-farnesene is utilized as an alarm pheromone in several economically important aphids including M .…”

Section: Rose and Black Citrus Aphidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiochemicals of rose aphid, black citrus aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and greenhouse thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Zabaras¹,

Wyllie²,

Spooner-Hart³

et al. 1999

Australian Zoologist

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Macrosiphum rosae L. or rose aphid. Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy or black citrus aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Heliothrips haemorrhoidaiis Bouch6 or greenhouse thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are serious cosmopolitan phytophagous pests that can cause severe damage to many cultivated crops.The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical signals utilized by these pests in order to carry out their everyday functions. This was achieved by determining the nature of volatile compounds in the secretions of the rose aphid, the black citrus aphid and the greenhouse thrips.The results obtained showed similarities not only between the two aphid species but also between aphids and thrips with acids and their methyl esters, aldehydes and alkanes being common components of the secretions.E-B-farnesene, a known alarm substance in many aphid species, was confirmed to be a constituent of the secretions of the rose aphid and was isolated for the first time from the black citrus aphid. Results indicated that the sesquiterpene is metabolically produced by the insects and used when required.

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“…6 ) The location of this essential double bond must be positioned at C-2 in the farnesene and C-l in the norfarnesene series. The specific configuration of the C-2 double bond in the farnesenes seems unimportant for alarm activity, since both compounds III (2) and IV (E) possess strong aphid alarm pheromone activity.…”

Section: Nad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This secretion contains alarm pheromones which signals nearby aphids that a predator is present and causes them to disperse by walking or dropping from the feeding site. [1][2][3] Theoretically, alarm pheromones migbt be used in plant protection by inducing established aphids to leave a host plant and/or by preventing them from infesting aphid-free plants.…”

Section: Received July 19 1976mentioning

confidence: 99%