Repellent and insecticidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against the main vector of canine leishmaniosis in Europe (Phlebotomus perniciosus)

Abstract

BackgroundTwo successive laboratory experiments (A and B) were conducted to confirm the efficacy of a new fipronil and permethrin combination to repel and kill Phlebotomus perniciosus sandflies when applied once topically on dogs.MethodsDue to the difficulty to get enough available dogs and sandflies in one run, the study was divided into 2 experiments which had exactly the same design, and were conducted at the same place, with the same technicians. They compared dogs treated with a combination containing 67.6 mg/mL fipronil + 504.8 mg/mL permethrin (Frontect®/Frontline Tri-Act®, Merial) to untreated dogs. The treatments were applied topically once on Day 0. Sandfly exposures were performed on Days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 29 with 80 P. perniciosus female sandflies. After 60 min, sandflies were assessed for vitality and engorgement status. Live sandflies were kept in an insectary and observed for mortality counts 4 h after the exposure period ended.ResultsPercent sandfly repellency on treated dogs was 98.2, 98.5, 99.2, 90.9 and 90.3%, for Days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 29, respectively. There was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the treated and control groups in both experiments and for the pooled data on every assessment day.Insecticidal efficacy on treated dogs at 4 h post-exposure on Days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 29 was 98.7, 99.7, 96.8, 93.4, and 78.9%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the treated and control groups for live sandflies observed at 4 h post-exposure for all assessment days (p < 0.05).ConclusionsA single topical administration of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin demonstrated a significant repellent effect (i.e., > 80%) against P. perniciosus which lasted for 29 days after application. The repellent effect was accompanied by a significant insecticidal effect on sandflies. The results suggest that in endemic areas, the application of the fipronil-permethrin combination could be integrated into canine leishmaniosis prevention program.

Laboratory assessment of the anti-feeding effect for up to 12 months of a slow release deltamethrin collar (Scalibor®) against the sand fly Phlebotomus perniciosus in dogs

“…However, sedation of the study dogs would have made them more susceptible to becoming hosts for sand fly bites, as shown by the engorgement rates of flies exposed to control dogs. Although in the control dogs in our study those rates were lower than those reported from some other similar experiments, they were sufficient to validate the experimental methodology [ 18 , 19 ]. Additionally, our results are consistent with, and extend those of a 1997 report of a shorter study from southern France [ 16 ].…”

Efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin (Effitix ® ) against Phlebotomus perniciosus in dogs

“…The first study was a dose-determination study in which 3 doses of permethrin were 219 compared: 30 mg/kg, 60mg/kg and 120 mg/kg. The second trial was an efficacy study using The mortality effect obtained in the efficacy study was very high and remained above 91% 259 (geometric means) throughout the study, which was a bit better than the mortality effect 260 obtained with Frontect ® /Frontline Tri-Act ® against the same strain of sandflies (less than 90% 261 on Day 29) (Dumont et al, 2015). As it has been suggested by Dumont et al (2015), the 262 insecticidal activity can be attributed to the combined action of fipronil and permethrin, even 263…”

“…This 32 zoonosis isspreadingacross Europe (Beugnet and Marié, 2009). Prevention of leishmaniosis in permethrin spot-on (Dumont et al, 2015). 46…”

Anti‐feeding and insecticidal efficacy of a topical administration of dinotefuran–pyriproxyfen–permethrin spot‐on (Vectra® 3D) on mice against Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus)

“…In veterinary medicine, target species such as dogs are often involved in parasiticide testing without preliminary efficacy assessments in animal models (Tiawsirisup et al, 2007;Machida et al, 2008;Bonneau et al, 2010;Franc et al, 2012;Molina et al, 2012;Dumont et al, 2015aDumont et al, , 2015bVarloud & Hodgkins, 2015). However, these models can provide preliminary and complementary information that may be useful in further testing on the targeted animal.…”