Repeating Marmara Sea earthquakes: indication for fault creep

Bohnhoff, Marco; Wollin, Christopher; Domigall, Dorina; Küperkoch, L.; Martínez‐Garzón, Patricia; Kwiatek, Grzegorz; Dresen, Georg; Malin, Péter

doi:10.1093/gji/ggx169

Cited by 52 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Repeating earthquakes have been observed between the WH and Central Basin on the western side of the Sea of Marmara. Bohnhoff et al (2017) suggested that the eastern part will be locked because of no repeating earthquakes. Bohnhoff et al (2017) suggested that the eastern part will be locked because of no repeating earthquakes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geophysical Research Letters appeared in repeating earthquake activity; some studies (Bohnhoff et al, 2017;Schmittbuhl et al, 2016;Uchida et al, 2018) reported that repeating earthquakes are found from the Western High (WH) to the Central Basin, indicating fault creep on the western part.…”

Section: 1029/2018gl080984mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uchida et al (2018) calculated a slip rate of 3-4 cm/year based on the cumulative slip of repeaters, and suggested that the locking state is weak deeper than 10 km. Bohnhoff et al (2017) suggested that the eastern part will be locked because of no repeating earthquakes. This locking behavior, "weak in the west and strong in the east," is consistent with previous geodetic observations (GNSS, seafloor ranging), and those in this study.…”

Section: Geophysical Research Lettersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seafloor Geodesy Revealed Partial Creep of the North Anatolian Fault Submerged in the Sea of Marmara

Yamamoto

Kido

Ohta

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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In this study, the creep rate across the North Anatolian Fault was directly measured in the western Sea of Marmara using the seafloor acoustic ranging technique; the data reveal coupling conditions on the fault interface and stress accumulation with implications for regional seismic risk evaluation. Continuous measurements over a period of 3.5 years at a site in the Western High clearly indicate right‐lateral displacement at a rate of 10.7 ± 4.7 mm/year (95% confidence level); approximately half of the regional block motion at this location is released by this steady motion. A simple model of three elastic layers—a partially creeping sedimentary layer (8 km) at the top with the observed rate, a locked (3 km) and fully creeping layer in the middle, and a bottom layer—assumed from seismicity, reasonably explains onshore Global Navigation Satellite System data for the surrounding region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 1029/2018gl080984mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geophysical Research Lettersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seafloor Geodesy Revealed Partial Creep of the North Anatolian Fault Submerged in the Sea of Marmara

Yamamoto

Kido

Ohta

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…1b and 1c); this section experienced the last ground-rupturing events in 1509 and 1766, suggesting that the fault is mature 5 and a ground-rupturing event might be expected (Ambraseys, 2002;Barka et al, 2002;Parsons, 2004;Janssen et al 2009;Murru et al, 2016;Bohnhoff et al, 2016a;2016b;2017b). There, the potential for a large seismic event is regarded as being high (Bohnhoff et al, 2013;2017b). A key question is if this 150-km-long seismic gap will rupture in the future in one event or in several separate events due to the segmentation, an issue that will depend a lot on the stress evolution along strike among other forcing factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The Marmara section of the NAFZ, considered to be a 150-km-long seismic gap between the ruptures of two big events in 1912 (M 7.3) and 1999a (M 7.4), is a zone of strong earthquakes (M ~ 7.4) with a recurrence time of approximately 250 years ( Fig. 1b and 1c); this section experienced the last ground-rupturing events in 1509 and 1766, suggesting that the fault is mature 5 and a ground-rupturing event might be expected (Ambraseys, 2002;Barka et al, 2002;Parsons, 2004;Janssen et al 2009;Murru et al, 2016;Bohnhoff et al, 2016a;2016b;2017b). There, the potential for a large seismic event is regarded as being high (Bohnhoff et al, 2013;2017b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Crustal Density Model of the Sea of Marmara: Geophysical Data Integration and 3D Gravity Modelling

Gholamrezaie

Scheck‐Wenderoth

Sippel

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The Sea of Marmara, in Northwest Turkey, is a transition zone where the dextral North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) propagates westward from the Anatolian plate to the Aegean plate. The area is of interest in the context of seismic 10 hazard in the vicinity of Istanbul, a metropolitan area with about 15 million inhabitants. Geophysical observations indicate that the crust is heterogeneous beneath the Marmara Basin, but a detailed characterization of the crustal heterogeneities is still missing. To assess if and how crustal heterogeneities are related to the NAFZ segmentation below the Marmara Sea, we develop a new crustal-scale 3D density model which integrates geological and seismological data and is additionally constrained by 3D gravity modelling. This model indicates that the observed gravitational anomalies originate from significant 15 density heterogeneities within the crust. Two layers of sediments, one syn-kinematic and one pre-kinematic with respect to the Marmara Sea formation are underlain by a heterogeneous crystalline crust. A felsic upper crystalline crust (average density of 2720 kg.m -3 ) and an intermediate to mafic lower crystalline crust (average density of 2890 kg.m -3 ) appear to be crosscut by two large, dome-shaped mafic high-density bodies (average density of 3050 kg.m -3 ) of considerable thickness above a rather uniform lithospheric mantle (3300 kg.m -3 ). The spatial correlation between the bent segments of the fault and the location of 20the high-density bodies suggests that the distribution of lithological heterogeneities within the crust controls the rheological behaviour along the NAFZ, and consequently, influences fault segmentation and propagation dynamics.Solid Earth Discuss., https://doi.

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Stress Inversion of Regional Seismicity in the Sea of Marmara Region, Turkey

Wollin

Bohnhoff

Vavryčuk

et al. 2018

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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In this study we derive the stress tensor and its local variations throughout the Marmara region, Turkey. Based on a recently compiled 10-year earthquake catalogue, we directly invert first-motion polarity data and quantify confidence intervals for the principal stress orientations. We find a combined strike-slip and normal faulting stress field for the Marmara region generally reflecting the overall transtensional setting. However, the results clearly show moderate local variations of the stress field. The largest (r 1) and intermediate (r 2) principal stresses show an average regional trend of N125 E and locally varying plunges. The least principal stress (r 3) is well resolved in its confidence interval and consistent throughout the region with an average trend of $ N35 E and a subhorizontal plunge. The eastern Sea of Marmara shows local stress field orientations with pronounced strike-slip (northern part) and normal faulting (southern part) components. Along the central Marmara region, normal faulting tends to dominate, while a well resolved strike-slip stress regime is found in the western Sea of Marmara region. Regarding the faulting mechanism of an earthquake with magnitude up to 7.4 which is expected in this area in direct vicinity of the Istanbul metropolitan region, our results imply that neither strike-slip nor normal faulting kinematics can be excluded.

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Repeating Marmara Sea earthquakes: indication for fault creep

Cited by 52 publications

References 37 publications

Seafloor Geodesy Revealed Partial Creep of the North Anatolian Fault Submerged in the Sea of Marmara

Seafloor Geodesy Revealed Partial Creep of the North Anatolian Fault Submerged in the Sea of Marmara

Crustal Density Model of the Sea of Marmara: Geophysical Data Integration and 3D Gravity Modelling

Stress Inversion of Regional Seismicity in the Sea of Marmara Region, Turkey

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