Repeatedly Applied Peptide Film Kills Bacteria on Dental Implants

Abstract

The rising use of titanium dental implants has increased the prevalence of peri-implant disease that shortens their useful life. A growing view of peri-implant disease suggests that plaque accumulation and microbiome dysbiogenesis trigger a host immune inflammatory response that destroys soft and hard tissues supporting the implant. The incidence of peri-implant disease is difficult to estimate, but with over 3 million implants placed in the USA alone, and the market growing by 500,000 implants/year, such extensive use demands additional interceptive approaches. We report a water-based, nonsur-gical approach to address peri-implant disease using a bifunctional peptide film, which can be applied during initial implant placement and later reapplied to existing implants to reduce bacterial growth. Bifunctional peptides are based upon a titanium binding peptide (TiBP) optimally linked by a spacer peptide to an antimicrobial peptide (AMP). We show herein that dental implant surfaces covered with a bifunctional peptide film kill bacteria. Further, using a simple protocol for cleaning implant surfaces fouled by bacteria, the surface can be effectively recoated with TiBP-AMP to regain an antimicrobial state. Fouling, cleansing, and rebinding was confirmed for up to four cycles with minimal loss of binding efficacy. After fouling, rebinding with a water-based peptide film extends control over the oral microbiome composition, providing a novel nonsurgical treatment for dental implants.

Customized Therapeutic Surface Coatings for Dental Implants

“…Warnke et al reported a recombinant human beta defensin-2 coating for biocompatibility assessment with the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human osteoblasts, and found no toxicity [278]. Bifunctional peptide binding (BPB) on the titanium discs were engineered in this study to combat the S. mutans bacteria, and the results were promising for the coating on dental implants due to antibacterial and antibiofouling activity over the four fouling/cleaning cycles [279]. Human saliva contains many antimicrobial proteins and peptides (defensins, cathelicidins, histatins, statherins, and proline-rich peptides), which are useful for oral health.…”

Role of Hippo-YAP Signaling in Osseointegration by Regulating Osteogenesis, Angiogenesis, and Osteoimmunology

“…as well as changing the design and composition of implants ( Cooper et al, 2016 ; Wang Y. et al, 2019 ) are generally proposed as available strategies. Additionally, biofilm consisted of various subgingival bacteria may form upon the material at once after implantation, which stimulates excessive inflammatory response provided that microbiome dysbiosis occurs, leading peri-implant mucositis or even peri-implantitis that threatens the stability and survival of dental implants ( Wisdom et al, 2019 ).…”

Threats to adhesive/dentin interfacial integrity and next generation bio‐enabled multifunctional adhesives

“…With the emergence of bacterial resistance, antimicrobial peptides, which are naturally integrated in the oral fluids, are getting high attention as a promising solution to prevent bacterial infections at the a/d interface . Building upon the strength of our research team in antimicrobial peptide design and application at biomaterial interfaces, we modified an antimicrobial peptide sequence to integrate into a dental adhesive system. The antimicrobial peptide coupled adhesive formulations demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity with the resin, when applied to the discs .…”