Repeated pre-exposure to tobacco smoke potentiates subsequent locomotor responses to nicotine and tobacco smoke but not amphetamine in adult rats

Bruijnzeel, Adrie W.; Rodrick, Gene B.; Singh, Rajendra; Derendorf, Hartmut; Bauzo, Rayna M.

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.08.005

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…It cannot completely be ruled out that some of these effects were partly mediated by stress associated with the cannabis smoke exposure. However, it should be noted that in previous studies we showed that exposure to tobacco smoke using a similar apparatus and for a long period of time (2–4 h) did not affect locomotor activity or operant responding for rewarding intracranial self-stimulation [ 34 , 36 ]. Several studies reported that nose-only exposure to placebo cannabis smoke decreases locomotor activity [ 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Behavioral Characterization of the Effects of Cannabis Smoke and Anandamide in Rats

Bruijnzeel

Guzhva

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the world. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is the main psychoactive component of cannabis and its effects have been well-studied. However, cannabis contains many other cannabinoids that affect brain function. Therefore, these studies investigated the effect of cannabis smoke exposure on locomotor activity, rearing, anxiety-like behavior, and the development of dependence in rats. It was also investigated if cannabis smoke exposure leads to tolerance to the locomotor-suppressant effects of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide. Cannabis smoke was generated by burning 5.7% Δ9-THC cannabis cigarettes in a smoking machine. The effect of cannabis smoke on the behavior of rats in a small and large open field and an elevated plus maze was evaluated. Cannabis smoke exposure induced a brief increase in locomotor activity followed by a prolonged decrease in locomotor activity and rearing in the 30-min small open field test. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor antagonist rimonabant increased locomotor activity and prevented the smoke-induced decrease in rearing. Smoke exposure also increased locomotor activity in the 5-min large open field test and the elevated plus maze test. The smoke exposed rats spent more time in the center zone of the large open field, which is indicative of a decrease in anxiety-like behavior. A high dose of anandamide decreased locomotor activity and rearing in the small open field and this was not prevented by rimonabant or pre-exposure to cannabis smoke. Serum Δ9-THC levels were 225 ng/ml after smoke exposure, which is similar to levels in humans after smoking cannabis. Exposure to cannabis smoke led to dependence as indicated by more rimonabant-precipitated somatic withdrawal signs in the cannabis smoke exposed rats than in the air-control rats. In conclusion, chronic cannabis smoke exposure in rats leads to clinically relevant Δ9-THC levels, dependence, and has a biphasic effect on locomotor activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Freely moving rats were exposed to cannabis smoke using an apparatus similar to that used previously in our laboratory to expose rats to tobacco smoke [ 34 – 37 ]. The rats were exposed to cannabis smoke in standard polycarbonate rodent cages (38 x 28 x 20 cm; L x W x H) with corncob bedding and wire tops.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Characterization of the Effects of Cannabis Smoke and Anandamide in Rats

Bruijnzeel

Guzhva

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…For acclimation, rats were placed in the field for 10 min day −1 for three consecutive days before measurements were taken. Locomotor activity was monitored for 20 min on the fourth day (age 108 days old) and analysed using Noldus Ethovision Software (Wageningen, The Netherlands; Bruijnzeel et al ). Immobility and rotation frequency were calculated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrally administered angiotensin‐(1–7) increases the survival of stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

Regenhardt

Mecca

Desland

et al. 2013

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings r What is the central question of this study?Activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, resulting in production of angiotensin-(1-7) and stimulation of its receptor, Mas, exerts beneficial actions in a number cardiovascular diseases, including ischaemic stroke. A potential beneficial role for angiotensin-(1-7) in haemorrhagic stroke has not previously been reported. r What is the main finding and its importance?Central administration of angiotensin-(1-7) into stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, a model of haemorrhagic stroke, increases lifespan and improves the neurological status of these rats, as well as decreasing microglial numbers in the striatum (implying attenuation of cerebral inflammation). These actions of angiotensin-(1-7) have not previously been reported and identify this peptide as a potential new therapeutic target in haemorrhagic stroke.Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] exerts cerebroprotective effects in ischaemic stroke, and this action is associated with a blunting of intracerebral inflammatory processes and microglial activation. Given that intracerebral inflammation and microglial activation play key roles in the mechanism of injury and brain damage in both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, we have investigated the potential beneficial actions of Ang-(1-7) in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (spSHRs), an established animal model of hypertensioninduced haemorrhagic stroke. Angiotensin-(1-7) was administered by continuous infusion via the intracerebroventricular route for 6 weeks into spSHRs fed a high-sodium (4%) diet, starting at 49 days of age. This treatment resulted in a significant increase in survival of the spSHRs. Median survival was 108 days in control, artificial cerebrospinal fluid-infused spSHRs and 154 days in Ang-(1-7)-treated spSHRs. This effect was partly reversed by intracerebroventricular infusion of the Mas receptor blocker, A779. This Ang-(1-7) treatment also decreased the number of haemorrhages in the striatum, improved neurological status (reduced lethargy), decreased the number of microglia in the striatum and tended to increase neuron survival at the same site. Importantly, infusions of Ang-(1-7) had no effect on kidney pathology, heart pathology, body weight, serum corticosterone levels or blood pressure. This study is the first to demonstrate the cerebroprotective actions of Ang-(1-7), including increased survival time, in spSHRs. As such, these data reveal a potential therapeutic target for haemorrhagic stroke.

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“…Recently, several laboratories have reported on the development of methods to expose rodents to nicotine and/or tobacco via inhalation (George et al, 2010; Ponzoni et al, 2015; Smith et al, 2015). While many of these studies concentrated primarily on examination of the effects of inhaled nicotine on the pulmonary system or on developmental or toxicological effects (McGrath-Morrow et al, 2015; Misra et al, 2014; Smith et al, 2015; Sussan et al, 2015), a few studies have investigated behavioral effects of inhaled tobacco smoke (Bruijnzeel et al, 2011; de la Pena et al, 2014; de la Pena et al, 2015; Harris et al, 2010; Yamada et al, 2010) or nicotine vapor generated by bubbling air through a nicotine solution (George et al, 2010; Gilpin et al, 2014) and one lab compared the effects of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke or e-cigarette vapor (Ponzoni et al, 2015). However, none of these studies examined sex differences and only the latter study focused on a model of e-cigarette exposure.…”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery of nicotine aerosol to mice via a modified electronic cigarette device

Lefever

Lee

Kovach

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Although both men and women use e-cigarettes, most preclinical nicotine research has focused on its effects in male rodents following injection. The goals of the present study were to develop an effective e-cigarette nicotine delivery system, to compare results to those obtained after subcutaneous (s.c.) injection, and to examine sex differences in the model. Methods Hypothermia and locomotor suppression were assessed following aerosol exposure or s.c. injection with nicotine in female and male mice. Subsequently, plasma and brain concentrations of nicotine and cotinine were measured. Results Passive exposure to nicotine aerosol produced concentration-dependent and mecamylamine reversible hypothermic and locomotor suppressant effects in female and male mice, as did s.c. nicotine injection. In plasma and brain, nicotine and cotinine concentrations showed dose/concentration-dependent increases in both sexes following each route of administration. Sex differences in nicotine-induced hypothermia were dependent upon route of administration, with females showing greater hypothermia following aerosol exposure and males showing greater hypothermia following injection. In contrast, when they occurred, sex differences in nicotine and cotinine levels in brain and plasma consistently showed greater concentrations in females than males, regardless of route of administration. Discussion In summary, the e-cigarette exposure device described herein was used successfully to deliver pharmacologically active doses of nicotine to female and male mice. Further, plasma nicotine concentrations following exposure were similar to those after s.c. injection with nicotine and within the range observed in human smokers. Future research on vaped products can be strengthened by inclusion of translationally relevant routes of administration.

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Repeated pre-exposure to tobacco smoke potentiates subsequent locomotor responses to nicotine and tobacco smoke but not amphetamine in adult rats

Cited by 16 publications

References 61 publications

Behavioral Characterization of the Effects of Cannabis Smoke and Anandamide in Rats

Behavioral Characterization of the Effects of Cannabis Smoke and Anandamide in Rats

Centrally administered angiotensin‐(1–7) increases the survival of stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

Delivery of nicotine aerosol to mice via a modified electronic cigarette device

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