Repeated parallel losses of inflexed stamens in Moraceae: phylogenomics and generic revision of the tribe Moreae and the reinstatement of the tribe Olmedieae (Moraceae)

Abstract

We present a densely-sampled phylogenomic study of the mulberry tribe (Moreae, Moraceae), an economically important clade with a global distribution, revealing multiple losses of inflexed stamens, a character traditionally used to circumscribe Moreae. Inflexed stamens facilitate ballistic pollen release and are associated with wind pollination, and the results presented here suggest that losses of this character state may have evolved repeatedly in Moraceae. Neither Moreae nor several of its major genera (Morus, Streblus, Trophis) were found to be monophyletic. A revised system for a monophyletic Moreae is presented, including the reinstatement of the genera Ampalis, Maillardia, Pachytrophe, Taxotrophis, and Paratrophis, and the recognition of the new genus Afromorus, based on Morus subgenus Afromorus. Pseudostreblus is reinstated and transferred to the Parartocarpeae, and Sloetiopsis is reinstated and transferred to the Dorstenieae. The tribe Olmediae is reinstated, replacing the Castilleae, owing to the reinstatement of the type genus Olmedia, and its exclusion from Moreae. Streblus s.s. is excluded from Moreae and transferred to the Olmediae, which is characterized primarily by involucrate inflorescences without regard to stamen position. Eight new combinations are made.

A dated phylogeny shows Plio‐Pleistocene climates spurred evolution of antibrowsing defences in the New Zealand flora

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“…This suggests that with slight modification, the kit can be used for obtaining hDNA to infer phylogenies. Although previous studies have analysed herbarium samples with baits, including hybridisation processes (Larridon et al, 2019; Shee et al, 2020; Gardner et al, 2021; Brewer et al, 2019; Forrest et al, 2019), to our knowledge this is the first study that explores the ability of this technique to infer phylogenetic relationships using highly-degraded historical bark material. Using baits, many target loci within the nuclear genome can be simultaneously sequenced through the selective exclusion of non-target regions.…”

Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum

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