Repeated Nucleic Acid Tests Are Necessary for Early Diagnosis of Atypical COVID-19: A Case Report

Abstract

In Wuhan, China, the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported on December 8, 2019. The patient’s symptoms included fever, coughing and breathing difficulties. According to the sixth China version of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) diagnostic criteria, some patients with COVID-19 may present atypical symptoms and have negative nucleic acid tests (NATs), possibly leading to misdiagnosis and viral transmission. Our patient was a 29-year-old woman who complained of a three-day history of nasal obstruction, and no fever, coughing or breathing difficulties were noted. Physical examination revealed no obvious signs of pneumonia. On January 16, 2020, the patient flew from Wuhan to Germany for a business trip and returned to Shanghai on January 28, a passenger on her flight was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 later. Although two consecutive NATs performed at an interval of 24 h were negative, considering her direct contact with a SARS-CoV-2-infected individual, a 64-slice computed tomography (CT) scan showed a few scattered ground-glass nodules in the left lung, suggesting possible viral pneumonia. Given the clinical characteristics, epidemiological records, CT findings and a third positive NAT, our patient was diagnosed with COVID-19. The combination of history of epidemiology, clinical symptom, lung CT scan and routine blood test will improve the clinical diagnosis of asymptomatic COVID-19, but the early diagnosis of COVID-19 can be confirmed only by the repeated NATs.

How effective is a mask in preventing COVID‐19 infection?

“…During the initial period of the COVID‐19 outbreak in the first quarter of 2020, the public understandings on the key functions of the masks were quite limited without much of the first‐hand COVID‐related experimental data at the time. Some media even suggested that it was not necessary to wear masks in public (Public Health Experts Keep Changing Their Guidance on Whether or Not to Wear Face Masks for Coronavirus; WHO, 2020). Both inconsistent explanations and the shortage of commercial masks may have contributed to such public opinion.…”

“…Without the specific therapeutics and vaccines, the key to stop the spreading of COVID‐19 has to be dependent on preventative precautions by all means possible among which social distancing and quarantine have not only been recommended but also mandated by various state and federal regulations especially for those who have been infected (CDC, 2019, 2020; Parmet & Sinha, 2020). However, the asymptomatic carriers and misdiagnosis in nucleic acid tests make it more difficult to isolate the patients, therefore increasing the risks of virus spreading (Bai et al, 2020; Qu et al, 2020). Thus, the physical protection for individuals is necessary to kerb virus transmission, and one common and widely used method is wearing of masks.…”