Repeated modification of early limb morphogenesis programmes underlies the convergence of relative limb length in<i>Anolis</i>lizards

Sanger, Thomas J.; Revell, Liam J.; Gibson‐Brown, Jeremy J.; Losos, Jonathan B.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0840

Cited by 61 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…convergent evolution | caffeine biosynthesis | enzyme evolution | paleomolecular biology C onvergent evolution has resulted in the independent origins of many traits dispersed throughout the tree of life. Whereas some convergent traits are known to be generated via similar developmental or biochemical pathways, others arise from different paths (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Likewise, similar (orthologous) or different (paralogous or even unrelated) genes may encode for the regulatory or structural proteins composing the components of pathways that build convergent traits (6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent evolution of caffeine in plants by co-option of exapted ancestral enzymes

Huang

O’Donnell

Barboline

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

156

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Convergent evolution is a process that has occurred throughout the tree of life, but the historical genetic and biochemical context promoting the repeated independent origins of a trait is rarely understood. The well-known stimulant caffeine, and its xanthine alkaloid precursors, has evolved multiple times in flowering plant history for various roles in plant defense and pollination. We have shown that convergent caffeine production, surprisingly, has evolved by two previously unknown biochemical pathways in chocolate, citrus, and guaraná plants using either caffeine synthaseor xanthine methyltransferase-like enzymes. However, the pathway and enzyme lineage used by any given plant species is not predictable from phylogenetic relatedness alone. Ancestral sequence resurrection reveals that this convergence was facilitated by co-option of genes maintained over 100 million y for alternative biochemical roles. The ancient enzymes of the Citrus lineage were exapted for reactions currently used for various steps of caffeine biosynthesis and required very few mutations to acquire modern-day enzymatic characteristics, allowing for the evolution of a complete pathway. Future studies aimed at manipulating caffeine content of plants will require the use of different approaches given the metabolic and genetic diversity revealed by this study. convergent evolution | caffeine biosynthesis | enzyme evolution | paleomolecular biology

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent evolution of caffeine in plants by co-option of exapted ancestral enzymes

Huang

O’Donnell

Barboline

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

156

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“…Bisymmetry is retained about the oral-anal sagittal plane. The head comes up and the thorax broadens, fins become limbs [36,37] and post-coccygeal tail segments foreshorten.…”

Section: Cardiogenesis Pharyngeal Arches and Somitomeric Perfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Science Model of Blood as an Electron-Delivery Circuit Describes the Evolution of the Human Circulation

Peters¹

2017

Hum Genet Embryol

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A basic science model of the closed one-way circulation of redoxing haem in vertebrates is detailed. The adaptive, mechanistic model is of an electron-delivery circuit bounded by the geomagnetic field and electromagnetic radiation and it accounts for a quantum conformational change in circulatory topography from fish to human via a transitionary reptilian circulation. The model is nested within a macro-evolutionary view of plants and animals as countervailing poles of a light-enabled redoxing biosphere. The model is reconciled with human embryogenesis and evolution. If proven broadly applicable, this basic science model will allow for a greater understanding of vertebrate embryogenesis and circulatory physiology.The author acknowledges the support of Prof.

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“…We hypothesized that stickleback bone length differences, like evolved Anolis limb length [14], would manifest during development as transposition of the y-intercept, but not slope, of a rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Proc. R. Soc.…”

Section: (B) Developmental Basis Of Bone Length Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On at least four islands of the Caribbean, Anolis limb morphologies have repeatedly evolved in different ecological habitats [13]. While multiple pathways in pre-and post-embryonic development could contribute to differing limb length, increased adult limb size in four different long-limbed species arose from an increase in the size of the embryonic limb template, followed by growth rates equal to those in shorter-limbed species [14]. Whether this mechanism of evolved bone length differences is seen in other convergently evolved skeletal changes is largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two developmentally temporal quantitative trait loci underlie convergent evolution of increased branchial bone length in sticklebacks

et al. 2014

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In convergent evolution, similar phenotypes evolve repeatedly in independent populations, often reflecting adaptation to similar environments. Understanding whether convergent evolution proceeds via similar or different genetic and developmental mechanisms offers insight towards the repeatability and predictability of evolution. Oceanic populations of threespine stickleback fish, Gasterosteus aculeatus, have repeatedly colonized countless freshwater lakes and streams, where new diets lead to morphological adaptations related to feeding. Here, we show that heritable increases in branchial bone length have convergently evolved in two independently derived freshwater stickleback populations. In both populations, an increased bone growth rate in juveniles underlies the convergent adult phenotype, and one population also has a longer cartilage template. Using F 2 crosses from these two freshwater populations, we show that two quantitative trait loci (QTL) control branchial bone length at distinct points in development. In both populations, a QTL on chromosome 21 controls bone length throughout juvenile development, and a QTL on chromosome 4 controls bone length only in adults. In addition to these similar developmental profiles, these QTL show similar chromosomal locations in both populations. Our results suggest that sticklebacks have convergently evolved longer branchial bones using similar genetic and developmental programmes in two independently derived populations.

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Repeated modification of early limb morphogenesis programmes underlies the convergence of relative limb length inAnolislizards

Cited by 61 publications

References 67 publications

Convergent evolution of caffeine in plants by co-option of exapted ancestral enzymes

Convergent evolution of caffeine in plants by co-option of exapted ancestral enzymes

Basic Science Model of Blood as an Electron-Delivery Circuit Describes the Evolution of the Human Circulation

Two developmentally temporal quantitative trait loci underlie convergent evolution of increased branchial bone length in sticklebacks

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